Magnesium deficiency over generations in rats with special references to the pathogenesis of the parkinsonism–dementia complex and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam
Abstract:Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are fatal neurological diseases. The incidence on Guam was very high between 1950 and 1965 but decreased dramatically after 1965. It is thought that drinking water containing low levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and high levels of aluminum and of a plant excitatory neurotoxin are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The present experiment was performed in rats that were exposed to low Ca and/or Mg intake over two g… Show more
“…Experimental findings supported this hypothesis: animals fed diets that mimic the mineral composition in the disease foci environment showed signs of neuronal damage; of the various combinations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents tested, exposure to low Mg 2+ (one--fifth of the normal level) was more deleterious, causing significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (Oyanagi et al, 2006). Furthermore, motor neurons are selectively more vulnerable to L--BMAA toxicity, and these toxic effects are mediated through [Ca 2+ ] i rises via Ca--A/K channels and other pathways, and subsequent reactive oxygen species generation (Rao et al, 2006).…”
Section: Role Of Magnesium In Neurodegenerative Diseasessupporting
confidence: 65%
“…Scheme of possible pathomechanisms of dopaminergic neuron death in Parkinson's disease. (Oyanagi et al, 2006). This finding suggested a deep concern of low Mg intake over several generations to the pathogenesis of degeneration of the substantia nigra in humans.…”
Section: Low Mg and Parkinson's Disease Modelmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Continuous low Mg intake for two generations induces exclusive loss of dopaminergic neurons in rats , and may support the Mg hypothesis in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism--dementia complex (PDC) of Guam. Mg supple--mentation prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons and ameliorates neurite pathology in a PD model, indicating a role of Mg in protection of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra from degeneration (Oyanagi et al, 2006;Hashimoto et al, 2008). Also, Mg at concentrations > 0.75 mM inhibits the aggregation of α--synuclein, induced either spontaneously or by incubation with iron .…”
Section: Neurological Function Of Magnesiummentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The present authors conducted a study to clarify the effects of Mg administration in a rat PD model involving culture of ventral mesencephalic--striatal cells with 1--methyl--4--phenylpyridinium (MPP + ), based on recent evidence for significant loss of dopaminergic neurons exclusively in the substantia nigra of 1--year--old rats after exposure to low Mg intake over generations (Oyanagi et al, 2006) (Figure 6). The results indicated that Mg might protect dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra from degeneration.…”
Section: As An Inhibiter Of Oxidative Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 6. Severe atrophy and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in rats with low Mg over generations (Oyanagi K, et al, 2006).…”
Section: Low Mg and Parkinson's Disease Modelmentioning
“…Experimental findings supported this hypothesis: animals fed diets that mimic the mineral composition in the disease foci environment showed signs of neuronal damage; of the various combinations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents tested, exposure to low Mg 2+ (one--fifth of the normal level) was more deleterious, causing significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (Oyanagi et al, 2006). Furthermore, motor neurons are selectively more vulnerable to L--BMAA toxicity, and these toxic effects are mediated through [Ca 2+ ] i rises via Ca--A/K channels and other pathways, and subsequent reactive oxygen species generation (Rao et al, 2006).…”
Section: Role Of Magnesium In Neurodegenerative Diseasessupporting
confidence: 65%
“…Scheme of possible pathomechanisms of dopaminergic neuron death in Parkinson's disease. (Oyanagi et al, 2006). This finding suggested a deep concern of low Mg intake over several generations to the pathogenesis of degeneration of the substantia nigra in humans.…”
Section: Low Mg and Parkinson's Disease Modelmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Continuous low Mg intake for two generations induces exclusive loss of dopaminergic neurons in rats , and may support the Mg hypothesis in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism--dementia complex (PDC) of Guam. Mg supple--mentation prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons and ameliorates neurite pathology in a PD model, indicating a role of Mg in protection of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra from degeneration (Oyanagi et al, 2006;Hashimoto et al, 2008). Also, Mg at concentrations > 0.75 mM inhibits the aggregation of α--synuclein, induced either spontaneously or by incubation with iron .…”
Section: Neurological Function Of Magnesiummentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The present authors conducted a study to clarify the effects of Mg administration in a rat PD model involving culture of ventral mesencephalic--striatal cells with 1--methyl--4--phenylpyridinium (MPP + ), based on recent evidence for significant loss of dopaminergic neurons exclusively in the substantia nigra of 1--year--old rats after exposure to low Mg intake over generations (Oyanagi et al, 2006) (Figure 6). The results indicated that Mg might protect dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra from degeneration.…”
Section: As An Inhibiter Of Oxidative Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 6. Severe atrophy and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in rats with low Mg over generations (Oyanagi K, et al, 2006).…”
Section: Low Mg and Parkinson's Disease Modelmentioning
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.