Magnesium‐Containing Bioactive Glasses for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The importance of Mg in the human body, its key role in bone tissue development, in addition to its application to improve and modify physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of bioactive silicate glasses, make Mg a very interesting element as a component of bioactive glasses for medical applications. Although Mg is a typical element in the composition of numerous developed bioactive glasses, the analysis of the literature reveals that further research is required to gain comprehensive understanding about the effects of MgO on bioactive glass structure and properties. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the field of Mg‐containing bioactive glasses discussing available compositions and summarizing existing knowledge on effects of MgO on glass properties. The biomedical applications of several developed glasses are discussed highlighting the distinct effects of Mg in relevant areas, such as bioactivity and cell response, and focusing on the most common applications for these glasses, such as bone cements, bioactive coatings, and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The effect of Mg on bone development is discussed and avenues for future research in the field are proposed, emphasizing the need to investigate unstudied properties of (already developed) Mg‐containing glass compositions, such as angiogenesis‐stimulating action and the effect on osteoclast functions, to develop new Mg‐containing bioactive glasses as well as to make products of different shape designs such as nanoparticles, fibers, and complex porous structures.

Therapeutic Ion-Releasing Bioactive Glass Ionomer Cements with Improved Mechanical Strength and Radiopacity

“…Magnesium ions present in and released from BGs have been shown to reduce apatite precipitation (Diba et al, 2012;Blochberger et al, 2015), but some beneficial effects on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and ALP activity have been suggested (Hoppe et al, 2011).…”

Enhanced biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of mesoporous magnesium silicate/polycaprolactone/wheat protein composite scaffolds

“…[18][19][20] Magnesium degrades without toxicity in the body and increases osteoconductivity in vivo, enabling complete bone regeneration at the implant site. 21 In addition, the proliferation and gene expression of osteogenic markers have been shown to be increased in cells exposed to magnesium in vitro.…”

Effects of magnesium silicate on the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, bioactivity, degradability, and osteogenesis of poly(butylene succinate)-based composite scaffolds for bone repair

“…13,14 Furthermore, the incorporation of Mg-containing particles into scaffolds could tailor a number of important properties, such as crystallinity and degradation, to satisfy the requirements for bone tissue engineering. 15 It is therefore expected that incorporation of m-MS into PBSu scaffolds could modify its properties and overcome the above limitations of using PBSu scaffolds alone for bone regeneration.…”