Magnesium Compounds

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Magnesium Carbonate 3. Magnesium Chloride 3.1. Properties 3.2. Raw Materials 3.3. Production 3.3.1. Precipitation of Magnesium Hydroxide from Seawater 3.3.2. Recovery from Spent Liquors from the Potash Industry 3.3.3. Evaporation of Seawater and Natural Brines 3.3.4. Solution Mining 3.3.5. Other Methods 3.3.6. Production of Magnesium Chloride Hydrates 3.3.7. Production of Anhydrous Magnesium Chloride 3.3.8. Purification of Magnesium Chloride Solutions 3.3.9. Materials of Construction for the Evaporation of Magnesium Chloride Solutions 3.4. Environmental and Legal Aspects 3.5. Quality Specifications and Analysis 3.6. Transportation and Storage 3.7. Uses 3.8. Economic Aspects 3.9. Toxicology and Occupational Health 4. Magnesium Oxide and Hydroxide 4.1. Properties 4.2. Production of Magnesium Oxide 4.2.1. Production from Magnesite 4.2.2. Production from Seawater 4.2.3. Production from Brines 4.2.4. Miscellaneous Processes 4.2.5. Burning of Caustic and Sintered Magnesia 4.3. Uses 4.3.1. Use of Sintered Magnesia as a Refractory 4.3.2. Use of Sintered Magnesia as a Heat‐Storage Medium 4.3.3. Uses of Caustic Magnesia 4.3.4. Uses of Magnesium Hydroxide 4.4. Economic Aspects 4.5. Fused Magnesium Oxide 4.5.1. Properties 4.5.2. Production 4.5.3. Uses 4.5.4. Economic Aspects 5. Magnesium Sulfate 5.1. Properties 5.2. Occurrence and Raw Materials 5.3. Production 5.3.1. Production of Kieserite (MgSO 4 · H 2 O) 5.3.2. Production of Epsom Salt 5.3.3. Production of Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate 5.4. Quality Specifications and Analysis 5.5. Transportation and Storage 5.6. Uses 5.7. Economic Aspects 5.8. Toxicology and Occupational Health 6. Organomagnesium Compounds 6.1. Properties 6.2. Production 6.2.1. Grignard Reagents 6.2.2. Diorganylmagnesium Compounds 6.3. Uses

Possible ecological advantages from use of carbonless magnesia refractory bricks in secondary steelmaking: a framework LCA perspective

“…However, since the reference quantity of MA sintered spinel should be 1000 kg, the original data reported in the second column of Table 3 have to be corrected accordingly, multiplying all the input values by 1000 / 981.864 = 1.01847 (the corrected amounts are reported in the third column of the same table). As regards the heat of reaction ΔH required by the process, literature sources indicate a value in the range 108 kJ/mol ÷ 118 kJ/mol, respectively, found in Sheila (1993) and in Seeger et al (2011). Assuming the molar mass of MgCO 3 equal to 84.314 g/mol, it is possible to calculate ΔH in the range 1281 kJ ÷ 1400 kJ per kg of MgCO 3 .…”

Carbon-Negative Cement Manufacturing from Seawater-Derived Magnesium Feedstocks

“…( 22) Mg(OH)2 is still commercially obtained by this means through the addition of alkaline quick lime (Calcium oxide, CaO) to seawater. (22) However, the production of CaO, like Portland cement, has a large carbon footprint because it is obtained from limestone. In contrast, our process uses a membraneless electrolyzer (Figure 2a) to generate salty base and acid directly from seawater according to equations (1.)…”

The Characteristics of Padamarang Magnesite under Calcination and Hydrothermal Treatment

“…At high temperatures, MgCO3 decomposes to magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide. This process is important in the production of magnesium oxide (Seeger et al, 2005) and it is called calcining (Eq. 3).…”

“…However, much of the theory of limestone The decomposition of magnesite occurs between 402 and 750C (Shand, 2006). The reaction proceeds rapidly above 550°C (Seeger, 2005). The differences are probably due to the different sources of magnesite with its impurity level, crystallographic structure, and microstructure that effect to its calcination properties (Shand, 2006).…”