Magnesium Balance Studies in Chronic Alcoholism*

Jones, John E.; Shane, Stanley R.; Jacobs, Wouter; Flink, Edmund B.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb13022.x

Cited by 82 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This work was carried out over a period of years and was reported in 1969 [20] with results similar to two other studies [23,24]. The value of the exchangeable ^^Mg pool in our patients with alcohol withdrawal was 1.24 mEq/kg less than values in normals, as well as in the subjects after recovery from alcohol withdrawal.…”

Section: Low Exchangeable ^Mgsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Magnesium deficiency in human subjects—a personal historical perspective.

Flink¹

1985

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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Over the past 30 years human magnesium (Mg) deficiency has become an accepted fact in most medical circles. Our index patient had striking neurological manifestations including generalized tremulousness, grimaces and fibrillary twitches of facial muscles, athetoid and choreiform movements of upper extremities, dysphagia, inability to speak, repeated convulsions, and confusion. She had received glucose in water and saline intravenously for several months. A patient with chronic alcoholism was noted to have almost identical symptoms and signs as the index patient. He also responded dramatically to MgSO4 injections. This resulted in a series of studies on patients with chronic alcoholism. The evidence of Mg deficiency in alcoholism includes the following: significant hypomagnesemia, strongly positive Mg balance during recovery, significant decrease in muscle Mg, a deficit of total exchangeable 28Mg quantitatively similar to deficit by balance studies, often a dramatic response of symptoms to therapy with Mg, and diuresis of Mg produced by ingestion of alcohol. Lipolysis with high levels of long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) occurs in withdrawal of alcohol in chronic alcoholism, withdrawal of certain addictive drugs, after trauma, surgery, administration of adrenergic compounds or theophylline, exposure to cold, and an adverse environment as in grass staggers. Concentrations of Mg fall when FFA increase in all of the above circumstances. This phenomenon has wide implications in health and disease. Better awareness of Mg deficiency in a wide variety of clinical conditions will result in life-saving treatment and less morbidity of other patients.

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Section: Low Exchangeable ^Mgsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Later studies reported in 1969 give the details of day to day balance and confirmed these observations [20]. The patient depicted in Figure 2 was not studied until 12 days after admission, so the positive balance probably was even greater than demonstrated.…”

Section: There Was the Need To Establish If Possible The Magnitude mentioning

confidence: 52%

Magnesium deficiency in human subjects—a personal historical perspective.

Flink¹

1985

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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“…In Mg-deficient patients, the classical (nonisotopic) Mg load test has shown to correlate with muscle Mg concentration (Jones et al, 1969;Lim and Jacob, 1972;Jeppesen, 1986;Holm et al, 1987;Sjogren et al, 1988). The test is based on Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26 Mg dose MK Wälti et al normal kidney regulation of body stores of Mg, excreting an excess in the normal subject and retaining the mineral in deficiency (Caddell et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the lack of simple techniques to reliably measure Mg status, the Mg load test has been proposed as an alternative (Jones et al, 1969;Lim and Jacob, 1972;Bohmer and Mathiesen, 1982;Ryzen et al, 1985;Gullestad et al, 1992;Lasserre et al, 1996). It is a physiological assessment method and consists of measuring the retention of a parenterally administered dose of Mg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mg load tests have been applied and validated by several authors as method for the determination of Mg status (Jones et al, 1969;Lim and Jacob, 1972;Bohmer and Mathiesen, 1982;Ryzen et al, 1985;Gullestad et al, 1992;Lasserre et al, 1996). Retention of the intravenous load has shown to correlate with Mg concentration in skeletal muscle in Mg-deficient patients (Jones et al, 1969;Lim and Jacob, 1972;Jeppesen, 1986;Holm et al, 1987;Sjogren et al, 1988). However, a major disadvantage of the load test is that it is affected by dietary Mg intake, as well as basal urinary Mg and fecal Mg excretion, all of which have an influence on the urinary Mg excretion after an i.v.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26Mg dose as an indicator of marginal magnesium deficiency in adults

et al. 2005

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Background: Measurement of magnesium (Mg) status is problematic because tissue Mg deficiency can be present without low serum Mg concentrations. Objective: To evaluate a modified version of the Mg retention test using stable isotopes for the assessment of Mg status in general, and the detection of marginal Mg deficiency in particular. Design: A modified version of the Mg retention test using a small dose of 26 Mg was evaluated for assessment of Mg status in 22 healthy subjects. Muscle Mg concentration was used as reference for Mg status. A muscle biopsy was taken from the lateral portion of the quadriceps muscle from each subject. After 2 to 4 weeks, 11 mg of 26 Mg (as MgCl 2 in 14 ml water) were injected i.v. over a period of 10 min and all urine was collected for the following 24 h. Excretion of the isotopic label was expressed as percentage of the administered dose excreted in urine within 24 h. Results: Mean7s.d. Mg concentration in muscle was 3.8570.17 mmol/100 g fat-free dried solids. Mean7s.d. excretion of the injected dose within 24 h was 7.972.1%. No correlation was found between muscle Mg concentration and excretion of the isotopic label (r 2 ¼ 0.061, P ¼ 0.27). Conclusions: In this study, urinary excretion of an intravenous Mg tracer was not influenced by muscle Mg concentration and its usefulness for the detection of marginal Mg deficiency could therefore not be demonstrated. Sponsorship:

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Alcohol and the heart. The long-term effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system

Moushmoush¹

1991

Archives of Internal Medicine

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Magnesium Balance Studies in Chronic Alcoholism*

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

Magnesium deficiency in human subjects—a personal historical perspective.

Magnesium deficiency in human subjects—a personal historical perspective.

Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26Mg dose as an indicator of marginal magnesium deficiency in adults

Alcohol and the heart. The long-term effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system

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