Magnesium and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Datura alba Improve Cognitive Impairment and Blood Brain Barrier Leakage

Abstract

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving persistent spontaneous seizures and uncontrolled neuronal excitability that leads to cognitive impairments and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Currently available antiepileptic drugs present side effects and researchers are trying to discover new agents with properties to overcome these drawbacks. The aim was to synthesize magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles from Datura alba fresh leaf extracts and evaluate their anti-epileptic potential in mice kindling or a repetitive seizures model. The phytoassisted synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using spectroscopy; FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Analysis of the NPs confirmed the crystalline pleomorphic shape using the salts of both zinc and magnesium possibly stabilized, functionalized and reduced by bioactive molecules present in plant extract. By using several characterization techniques, NPs were confirmed. UV-Vis spectroscopy of biologically produced ZnO and MgO revealed distinctive peaks at 380 nm and 242 nm, respectively. Our findings categorically demonstrated the reductive role of biomolecules in the formation of ZnO and MgO NPs. The mice kindling model was induced using seven injections of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days alternatively. The results showed that mice post-treated with either ZnO or MgO nanoparticles (10 mg/kg, i.p) significantly improved in respect of behavior and memory as confirmed in the Morris water maze (MWM), open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR) test compared with PTZ treated mice. Furthermore, the ZnO and MgO nanoparticle treatment also maintained the integrity of the BBB, reducing the leakage, as confirmed by Evans blue dye (EBD) compared with PTZ treated mice only. In summary, the current finding demonstrates that green synthesized ZnO and MgO nanoparticles have neuroprotective, ant-epileptic potential, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications need to be further explored.

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Co3O4–ZnO Nanocomposites Using Calpurnia aurea Leaf Extract

“…The emergence of the O–H peak indicates the existence of phenolic chemicals, which may be responsible for the nanoparticle stabilization process. The presence of CO could indicate the presence of aldehydes, esters, flavonoids, or ketones …”

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tribulus terrestris Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials

“…423.1.20. The crude methanolic extract of T. terrestris seeds was made by the maceration method according to the procedure of [ 39 ]. T. terrestris seeds were rinsed under running tap water to clean them, air dried for 2 weeks at 30 °C, and then powdered using a plant grinder (Panasonic Model MX-AC210, Osaka, Japan).…”

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Seeds Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity

“…According to previous literature [47], if the natural compounds coating the nanoparticles are themselves anti-diabetic in nature, a synergistic anti-diabetic potential of the final nanomaterial is observed [48], and Azadirachta indica seeds contain the most potent antidiabetic compounds, such as Azadarachtin, Nimbin, Nimbidin, etc., so that must reveal high anti-diabetic potential; therefore, Azadirachta indica seeds extract-mediated AgNPs are better than those AgNPs reported earlier in the literature [49,50]. Considering the vast potentiality of plants as sources, this work aims to investigate the use of Azadirachta indica seed extract for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, and the synthesized AgNPs were pragmatically characterized and investigated for their anti-diabetic potential.…”