Magmatism in the South China Basin

Flower, Martin F. J.; Zhang, Ming; Chen, Chu-Yung; Tu, Kan; Xie, Ganquan

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(92)90136-s

Cited by 132 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Regional tectonic events also show basaltic volcanism in central and southern Indochina since 11.6 Ma, in Leizhou Peninsula since 5.5 Ma, in northern Hainan since 1.8 Ma (Cao et al, 2015). The magmatism was vigorous in the Pliocene-Recent in the Leizhou Peninsula and the Quaternary in northern Hainan Island (Flower, Zhang, Chen, Tu, & Xie, 1992;Ho, Chen, & Juang, 2000) but quiet or very weak before the Pliocene (6 Ma) (Yan et al, 2006). The Cenozoic volcanism on northern Hainan island was most extensive in the Pleistocene (Shi et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Cause Of High Accumulation Rates and Muddiness Of The mentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinoform growth and sediment flux into late Cenozoic Qiongdongnan shelf margin, South China Sea

et al. 2019

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The South China Sea continental margin in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) area has incrementally prograded since 10.5 Ma generating a margin sediment prism more than 4km‐thick and 150–200 km wide above the well‐dated T40 stratigraphic surface. Core and well log data, as well as clinoform morphology and growth patterns along 28 2D seismic reflection lines, illustrate the evolving architecture and margin morphology; through five main seismic‐stratigraphic surfaces (T40, T30, T27, T20 and T0) frame 15 clinothems in the southwest that reduce over some 200 km to 8 clinoforms in the northeast. The overall margin geometry shows a remarkable change from sigmoidal, strongly progradational and aggradational in the west to weakly progradational in the east. Vertical sediment accumulation rate increased significantly across the entire margin after 2.4 Ma, with a marked increase in mud content in the succession. Furthermore, an estimate of sediment flux across successive clinoforms on each of the three selected seismic cross sections indicate an overall decrease in sediment discharge west to east, away from the Red River depocenter, as well as a decrease in the percentage of total discharge crossing the shelf break in this same direction. The QDNB Late Cenozoic continental margin growth, with its overall increased sediment flux, responded to the climate‐induced, gradual cooling and falling global sea level during this icehouse period.

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Section: The Cause Of High Accumulation Rates and Muddiness Of The mentioning

confidence: 95%

Clinoform growth and sediment flux into late Cenozoic Qiongdongnan shelf margin, South China Sea

et al. 2019

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“…Although no-age-progressive seamount chains in the Pacific Ocean is widely prevalent (Davis and Karsten 1986;Ballmer et al 2007;Castillo et al 2010), the process of the magmatism after cessation of seafloor spreading in the back-arc area has not been well documented (Kaneoka et al 1990;Flower et al 1992;Mortimer et al 2007;Ishizuka et al 2009). Related mechanisms of non-plume magmatism invoked, including buoyant decompression melting (Raddick et al 2002;Hernlund et al 2008), shear-driven upwelling (Bianco et al 2011;Conrad et al 2011), localized extension (Sandwell et al 1995) and small-scale convection (Buck and Parmentier 1986), propose that the dynamic cause of melt production is a lithospheric process.…”

Section: Conceptual Model For Asymmetric Post-spreading Magmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric post-spreading magmatism in the South China Sea: based on the quantification of the volume and its spatiotemporal distribution of the seamounts

Zhao

Ding

Yin

et al. 2019

International Geology Review

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The volume of seamounts is an essential indicator of the intensity of mantle convection during the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Drilling and dredging samples suggest volcanic seamounts are widely distributed in the oceanic basin of the South China Sea, and most of them were formed after cessation of seafloor spreading. By using an SRTM15_PLUS Digital Elevation Model with a 15-arc-second grid, we developed a spatial filtering method based on the Top Hat Transform to extract seamounts. With a combined analysis of basalt dating results from previous studies and gravity anomaly data, an accurate estimation of seamount volume and its spatiotemporal distribution have been obtained. In addition to an asymmetric distribution of the seamounts with a larger volume in the northern flank, clusters of seamounts can be observed at certain locations in the abyssal plain. Due to the consistency between the distribution of the seamount volume and the seafloor spreading features in the South China Sea basin, we propose the ridge jump may induce additional partial melting zones which account for the larger number of seamounts developed in the northern flank while the reorientation of the extension during seafloor spreading dominated the distribution of post-spreading magmatism. Similar to other marginal basins, magmas formed by spontaneous partial melting would migrate through weak lithosphere where the extension direction changed, resulting in post-spreading magmatism in those lithospheric weak zones.

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“…High-resolution bathymetric mapping revealed that the Nanyue volcanic seamount has the shape of an elliptic cone with a radius of~22 km at the base, occupying an area of~370 km 2 . Samples were collected during cruise R/V Ocean No.…”

Section: Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eastern China, voluminous products of Cenozoic extensional volcanism are systematically scattered along the coastal regions and adjacent offshore shelf from the Heilongjiang province in the north to the Hainan Island/Leizhou Peninsula and the South China Sea (SCS) in the south [1]. Among these, the Late Cenozoic postspreading basalts from the intraplate seamounts of the SCS are generally characterized by: (i) ocean island basalt (OIB)-type incompatible element distributions, (ii) depleted to moderate Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, and (iii) high 208 Pb/ 204 Pb and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios for a given 206 Pb/ 204 Pb [2][3][4][5]. These isotopic signatures are commonly reported from basalts produced by melting of upper mantle domains with a Dupal-like isotopic anomaly (i.e., positive deviation of 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios from the Northern Hemisphere reference line (NHRL)) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few decades the nature of the upper mantle underlying the SCS has been the subject of many frontline investigations. The dominant scenarios about the origin of the Indian midocean ridge (MOR)-type mantle beneath the SCS marginal basin invoke: (i) lithospheric extension [2,10], (ii) mantle escape from below southeast Asia due to lithospheric thickening as a result of the Indo-Eurasian collision [3], and (iii) upper mantle contamination by a deep-rooted thermal plume at the fringe of the downwelling zone of Asia [11][12][13]. Despite a plethora of scenarios regarding the origin of the SCS mantle, the last hypothesis has gained ground owing to geophysical data predicting a~1900 km-deep, plume-like mantle structure below the Hainan Island/Leizhou Peninsula area to the west of the SCS [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-spreading Basalts from the Nanyue Seamount: Implications for the Involvement of Crustal- and Plume-Type Components in the Genesis of the South China Sea Mantle

et al. 2019

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Fresh samples of basalts were collected by dredging from the Nanyue intraplate seamount in the Southwest sub-basin of the South China Sea (SCS). These are alkali basalts displaying right-sloping, chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) profiles. The investigated basalts are characterized by low Os content (60.37–85.13 ppt) and radiogenic 187Os/188Os ratios (~0.19 to 0.21). Furthermore, 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Nanyue basalts showed they formed during the Tortonian (~8.3 Ma) and, thus, are products of (Late Cenozoic) post-spreading volcanism. The Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions of the Nanyue basalts indicate that their parental melts were derived from an upper mantle reservoir possessing the so-called Dupal isotopic anomaly. Semiquantitative isotopic modeling demonstrates that the isotopic compositions of the Nanyue basalts can be reproduced by mixing three components: the average Pacific midocean ridge basalt (MORB), the lower continental crust (LCC), and the average Hainan ocean island basalt (OIB). Our preferred hypothesis for the genesis of the Nanyue basalts is that their parental magmas were produced from an originally depleted mantle (DM) source that was much affected by the activity of the Hainan plume. Initially, the Hainan diapir caused a thermal perturbation in the upper mantle under the present-day Southwest sub-basin of the SCS that led to erosion of the overlying LCC. Eventually, the resultant suboceanic lithospheric mantle (SOLM) interacted with OIB-type components derived from the nearby Hainan plume. Collectively, these processes contributed crustal- and plume-type components to the upper mantle underlying the Southwest sub-basin of the SCS. This implies that the Dupal isotopic signature in the upper mantle beneath the SCS was an artifact of in situ geological processes rather than a feature inherited from a Southern Hemispheric, upper mantle source.

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Magmatism in the South China Basin

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

Clinoform growth and sediment flux into late Cenozoic Qiongdongnan shelf margin, South China Sea

Clinoform growth and sediment flux into late Cenozoic Qiongdongnan shelf margin, South China Sea

Asymmetric post-spreading magmatism in the South China Sea: based on the quantification of the volume and its spatiotemporal distribution of the seamounts

Post-spreading Basalts from the Nanyue Seamount: Implications for the Involvement of Crustal- and Plume-Type Components in the Genesis of the South China Sea Mantle

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