Magmatic origin of giant ‘Kiruna-type’ apatite-iron-oxide ores in Central Sweden

Jönsson, Erik; Troll, Valentin R.; Högdahl, Karin; Harris, Chris; Weis, Franz; Nilsson, K.P.; Skelton, Alasdair

doi:10.1038/srep01644

Cited by 123 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This process could cause the parallel but elevated bulk REE pattern in the brecciated diorite compared to the magnetite dikes (Fig. 2) similar to observations of REE distribution in the hydrous altered host rock surrounding the massive magnetite ore at the Kiruna deposit (Sweden) (Jonsson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Genetic Link Between Kiruna-type Ioa and Iocg Deposits?supporting

confidence: 67%

Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes

Knipping

Bilenker

Simon

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

217

104

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. data demonstrate that a saline magmatic-hydrothermal ore fluid will scavenge significant quantities of metals such as Cu and Au from a silicate melt, and when combined with solubility data for Fe, Cu and Au, it is plausible that the magmatic-hydrothermal ore fluid that continues to ascend from the IOA depositional environment can retain sufficient concentrations of these metals to form iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits at lateral and/or stratigraphically higher levels in the crust. Notably, this study provides a new discrimination diagram to identify magnetite from Kiruna-type deposits and to distinguish them from IOCG, porphyry and Fe-Ti-V/P deposits, based on low Cr (< 100 ppm) and high V (>500 ppm) concentrations. Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes

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Section: Genetic Link Between Kiruna-type Ioa and Iocg Deposits?supporting

confidence: 67%

Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes

Knipping

Bilenker

Simon

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

217

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Various studies of IOA deposits have proposed different petrogenetic models including magmatic (e.g., [58,66]), magmatic-hydrothermal [67], hydrothermal (-metasomatic) (e.g., [68][69][70]), and sedimentary exhalative (e.g., [71,72]). For the Bafq district, some researchers have referred to a magmatic model [17,28,73,74], whereas Torab and Lehmann (2007) [35], Jami (2005) [21], and Daliran (2010) [19] considered high-T hydrothermal fluids as being responsible for generation of some Bafq IOA deposits.…”

Section: Nature Of Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stage Ore Formation in the Chadormalu Iron Deposit, Bafq Metallogenic Province, Central Iran: Evidence from BSE Imaging and Apatite EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The Chadormalu magnetite-apatite deposit in Bafq metallogenic province, Central Iran, is hosted in the late Precambrian-lower Cambrian volcano-sedimentary rocks with sodic, calcic, and potassic alterations characteristic of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ore systems. Apatite occurs as scattered irregular veinlets and disseminated grains, respectively, within and in the marginal parts of the main ore-body, as well as apatite-magnetite veins in altered wall rocks. Textural evidence (SEM-BSE images) of these apatites shows primary bright, and secondary dark areas with inclusions of monazite/xenotime. The primary, monazite-free fluorapatite contains higher concentrations of Na, Si, S, and light rare earth elements (LREE). The apatite was altered by hydrothermal events that led to leaching of Na, Si, and REE + Y, and development of the dark apatite. The bright apatite yielded two U-Pb age populations, an older dominant age of 490 ± 21 Ma, similar to other iron deposits in the Bafq district and associated intrusions, and a younger age of 246 ± 17 Ma. The dark apatite yielded a U-Pb age of 437 ± 12 Ma. Our data suggest that hydrothermal magmatic fluids contributed to formation of the primary fluorapatite, and sodic and calcic alterations. The primary apatite reequilibrated with basinal brines in at least two regional extensions and basin developments in Silurian and Triassic in Central Iran.

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“…For example, Dare et al (2014) documented that these magnetites are characterized by high-Ni / Cr ratios, depleted in Ti, Al, Cr, Zr, Hf, and Sc, and show an oscillating zoning of Si, Ca, Mg, and rare earth elements. In contrast, oxygen isotope data (δ 18 O of +2 to +4) of many magnetites support a magmatic rather than hydrothermal origin (Jonnsson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Site 1: "El Laco"mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Together with the iron ore deposits of Kiruna (e.g. Jonnsson et al, 2013) (Connerney et al, 2005;Lillis et al, 2013).…”

Section: Site 1: "El Laco"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars MOURA magnetometer demonstration for high-resolution mapping on terrestrial analogues

Díaz-Michelena

Kilian

Sanz

et al. 2016

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Satellite-based magnetic measurements of Mars indicate complex and very strong magnetic anomalies, which led to an intensive and long-lasting discussion about their possible origin. To make some progress in the investigation of the origin of these anomalies the MOURA vector magnetometer was developed for in situ measurements on Mars. In this work we propose the utilisation of such an instrument for future planetary on-ground surveys. The proof of its suitability is seen through testing it on various terrestrial analogues characterised by the distinct magnetic anomalies of their basement rocks: (1) a magnetite body of EL Laco (up to +110 000 nT) and its transition to surrounding andesites (< +2000 nT) in the northern Andes of Chile showing the highest local magnetic anomalies. The magnetite-bearing ore body has highly variable local anomalies due to its complex formation history where a significant dispersion in palaeoorientations has been previously reported, while our vector data show relatively uniform and probably induced declinations. (2) A basaltic spatter cone of the Pali Aike volcanic field, in southern Chile, was characterised by very strong magnetic anomalies along the crater rim (up to +12 000 nT), controlled by the amount of single domain magnetites in the ground mass of the basalts. Due to their strong remanent signature, palaeo-declinations of the lavas and reorientations of collapsed blocks could be constrained by the vector data. (3) The Monturaqui meteorite crater (350 m diameter), in northern Chile, shows significant variations of its anomalies (from −2000 to > +6000 nT) in restricted areas of several square metres along its crater rim related to unexposed iron-bearing fragments of the impactor while its granitic and ignimbritic target rocks exhibit only very weak anomalies. (4) An area with several amphibolitic dykes, which cross-cut a Cretaceous granitoid in the southernmost Andes, where a decimetre-scale mapping was performed. In this case, pyrrhotite is the only magnetic carrier. It was formed during hydrothermal processes within the dykes. Very low (+40 to +120 nT) positive magnetic anomalies clearly depict the amount of 1-4 vol % pyrrhotite in these dykes, which is important as a mineralogical indicator as well as to detect associated gold and copper enrichment.

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Magmatic origin of giant ‘Kiruna-type’ apatite-iron-oxide ores in Central Sweden

Cited by 123 publications

References 29 publications

Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes

Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes

Multiple Stage Ore Formation in the Chadormalu Iron Deposit, Bafq Metallogenic Province, Central Iran: Evidence from BSE Imaging and Apatite EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology

Mars MOURA magnetometer demonstration for high-resolution mapping on terrestrial analogues

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