Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of an unusual Mo-rich carbonatite: a case study using LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion microanalysis and He–Ar isotopes from the Huangshui’an deposit, Qinling, China

Tang, Li; Wagner, Thomas; Fußwinkel, Tobias; Zhang, Shouting; Xu, Bo; Jia, Lihui; Hu, Xin‐Kai

doi:10.1007/s00126-021-01055-2

Cited by 20 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 86 publications

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“…This orogenic belt resulted from multistage collisional events between the North China craton and the Yangtze craton; the final collision between the two cratons occurred in the Triassic (Dong and Santosh, 2016). During the Late Triassic, the Qinling-Dabie orogen evolved into a post-collisional extensional domain, which is indicated by the emplacement of post-collisional intrusions, including alkaline intrusions (Wang et al 2007;Li et al 2012a;Cao et al 2015), carbonatites (Xu et al 2010;Du et al 2020;Zheng et al 2020;Tang et al 2021), and rapakivi-textured granitoids (Wang et al 2011).…”

Section: Mesozoic Tectonomagmatic Evolution Of the Qinling-dabie Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two discrete gold mineralization events recorded by hydrothermal xenotime and monazite, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China

Jian,

Mao,

Lehmann

et al. 2024

American Mineralogist

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We present in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of xenotime and monazite in assemblages with native gold and Au (Ag) tellurides from the Xiaoqinling lode gold district in central China. Composite xenotime and monazite grains formed through coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions reveal two discrete gold mineralization events. The first gold mineralization event, recorded by monazite (158.6 ± 3.3 Ma, Tera-Wasserburg lower intercept age) and xenotime cores (157.11 ± 0.83 Ma, weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age), is characterized by the mineral assemblage of lingbaoite (AgTe 3 )sylvanite ([Au,Ag] 2 Te 4 )-stützite (Ag 5 −xTe 3 )/native tellurium-sylvanite-stützite. The second gold mineralization event, recorded in the rims of xenotime (135.46 ± 0.93 Ma, weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age), is characterized by the mineral assemblage of native gold-calaverite (AuTe 2 )-petzite (AuAg 3 Te 2 )-tellurobismuthite (Bi 2 Te 3 ). Our study implies that the large-scale Jurassic mineralization event in eastern China, related to flat subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the eastern China continent, also caused widespread gold mineralization in the Qinling-Dabie Orogen, in addition to production of its world-class porphyry Mo deposits. The fact that only a few Jurassic gold mineralization ages have been reported before, may be due to the lack of suitable geochronometers to record the earlier Jurassic hydrothermal processes, which have been overprinted by the betterrecognized Early Cretaceous gold mineralization event. This study also presents a rare example of xenotime compositional alterations and resetting of U-Pb ages induced by low to moderate salinity carbono-aqueous fluids at low temperatures. The textural relationships between gold minerals in contact with such composite xenotime crystals demonstrate that they could have precipitated before, coeval with, or after the dated domains. Since low to moderate salinity carbono-aqueous fluids are This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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Section: Mesozoic Tectonomagmatic Evolution Of the Qinling-dabie Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two discrete gold mineralization events recorded by hydrothermal xenotime and monazite, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China

Jian,

Mao,

Lehmann

et al. 2024

American Mineralogist

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Genesis and fluid evolution of the Yuku porphyry Mo deposit, East Qinling orogen, China

Xue

Wang

et al. 2021

Geological Journal

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The Yuku is a large porphyry Mo deposit (1.5 Mt at 0.12% Mo) in the Luanchuan ore district of the East Qinling orogen, central China. The economic Mo ore bodies occur as veins, veinlets, and disseminated ore and are developed mainly within the late Mesozoic Yuku porphyritic granite. Molybdenum mineralization is generally associated with potassic and phyllic alteration. Hydrothermal processes in the Yuku deposit are divided into four stages: (I) a quartz–K‐feldspar–biotite ± pyrite stage, (II) a quartz–molybdenite ± pyrite ± K‐feldspar ± sericite stage, (III) a quartz–polymetallic sulphide stage, and (IV) a calcite ± quartz ± fluorite ± pyrite stage. The fluid evolution during these hydrothermal stages was constrained through systematic investigation of fluid inclusions (FIs) and H−O isotopes. Four types of primary or pseudosecondary FIs were recognized in hydrothermal quartz and calcite: two‐phase liquid‐rich inclusions (L‐type), two‐phase vapour‐rich inclusions (V‐type), halite‐bearing (hypersaline) inclusions (H‐type), and three‐phase CO2‐bearing inclusions (C‐type). FIs within Stages I–IV have homogenization temperatures of 375 to >550, 297–400, 198–298, and 149–188°C, with salinities of 0.53–13.18, 0.35–40.23, 5.11–11.81, and 5.71–9.73 wt% NaCl equiv., respectively. In Stage I, coexisting vapour‐rich (V‐type) and liquid‐rich (L‐type) FIs have similar homogenization temperatures (488 to >550°C) and distinct salinities, indicating fluid boiling during the formation of quartz–K‐feldspar–biotite veins at a pressure of 550–700 bar and a lithostatic depth of 2.3–2.8 km. In Stage II, FIs in quartz were also trapped under boiling conditions, as evidenced by coexisting hypersaline H‐type (34.13–40.23 wt% NaCl equiv.) and low‐salinity V‐type (0.35–2.24 wt% NaCl equiv.) inclusions, which formed at temperatures of 309–361°C and hydrostatic depths of 1.0–2.0 km, equivalent to pressures of 100–200 bar. During Stage III, the ore‐forming fluids were cooler (198–298°C) and more dilute (5.11–11.81 wt% NaCl equiv.) due to the involvement of meteoric water, with minimum trapping pressures estimated at <100–150 bar, corresponding to a hydrostatic depth of <1.0 km. In Stage IV, temperatures decreased further to 149–188°C, with lower salinities (5.71–9.73 wt% NaCl equiv.), indicating a post‐ore fluid stage. These data suggest that the mineralizing fluids forming the Yuku Mo deposit changed from early moderate‐ to low‐salinity CO2‐rich fluids in the H2O–NaCl–CO2 system that formed at high temperature and pressure, to late H2O–NaCl low‐salinity fluids that formed at low temperature and pressure. H−O isotopic compositions indicate that the mineralizing fluids had a dominantly magmatic signature but were diluted by meteoric waters. Combining our integrated analysis of the fluid evolution and deposit geology, we propose that fluid boiling and fluid–rock interaction, including intensive potassic alteration, changed the salinity and triggered CO2 escape, leading to a decrease in fO2 and an increase in the acidity of the ore‐forming fluids...

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An experimental study on the role of F−, PO43−, Cl− and SO42− ligands in the natrocarbonatite-nephelinite system at 850 °C and 0.1 GPa

Yang,

Hou,

Botcharnikov

et al. 2024

Chemical Geology

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Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of an unusual Mo-rich carbonatite: a case study using LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion microanalysis and He–Ar isotopes from the Huangshui’an deposit, Qinling, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 86 publications

Two discrete gold mineralization events recorded by hydrothermal xenotime and monazite, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China

Two discrete gold mineralization events recorded by hydrothermal xenotime and monazite, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China

Genesis and fluid evolution of the Yuku porphyry Mo deposit, East Qinling orogen, China

An experimental study on the role of F−, PO43−, Cl− and SO42− ligands in the natrocarbonatite-nephelinite system at 850 °C and 0.1 GPa

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