Magma–water interactions

Wohletz, K. H.; Zimanowski, Bernd; Büttner, Ralf

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139021562.011

Cited by 54 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…; Wohletz et al. ) (Figs. e and f), using the parameters first defined for sediments and sedimentary rocks (Folk ).…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Initially discovered and studied in industrial settings, where it was termed fuel‐coolant interaction (FCI), this process is defined as the interaction between two fluids, where the temperature of one (fuel) is above the vaporization temperature of the other (coolant) (Wohletz et al. ).…”

Section: Molten‐fuel‐coolant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, the MFCI process in volcanic regimes is a cycle consisting of distinctive stages (Wohletz ; Wohletz et al. ). In the first stage, the magma and water come in to contact, producing a vapor film between the two phases, followed by subsequent initial mixing.…”

Section: Molten‐fuel‐coolant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now widely accepted that most, if not all, phreatomagmatic eruptions involve MFCI at some stage (Wohletz et al. ).…”

Section: Molten‐fuel‐coolant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The “suevite” conundrum, Part 1: The Ries suevite and Sudbury Onaping Formation compared

Osinski

Grieve

Chanou

et al. 2016

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The term “suevite” has been applied to various impact melt‐bearing breccias found in different stratigraphic settings within terrestrial impact craters. Suevite was coined initially for impact glass‐bearing breccias from the Ries impact structure, Germany, which is the type locality. Various working hypotheses have been proposed to account for the formation of the Ries suevite deposits over the past several decades, with the most recent being molten‐fuel‐coolant interaction (MFCI) between an impact melt pool and water. This mechanism is also the working hypothesis for the origin of the bulk of the Onaping Formation at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada. In this study, the key characteristics of the Ries suevite, the Onaping Formation and MFCI deposits from phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions are compared. The conclusion is that there are clear and significant lithological, stratigraphic, and petrographic observational differences between the Onaping Formation and the Ries suevite. The Onaping Formation, however, shares many key similarities with MFCI deposits, including the presence of layering, their well‐sorted and fine‐grained nature, and the predominance of vitric particles with similar shapes and lacking included mineral and lithic clasts. These differences argue against the viability of MFCI as a working hypothesis for genesis of the Ries suevite and for a required alternative mechanism for its formation.

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“…; Wohletz et al. ) (Figs. e and f), using the parameters first defined for sediments and sedimentary rocks (Folk ).…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Molten‐fuel‐coolant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molten‐fuel‐coolant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now widely accepted that most, if not all, phreatomagmatic eruptions involve MFCI at some stage (Wohletz et al. ).…”

Section: Molten‐fuel‐coolant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The “suevite” conundrum, Part 1: The Ries suevite and Sudbury Onaping Formation compared

Osinski

Grieve

Chanou

et al. 2016

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Assuming an isochoric transformation between liquid water and vapor, a volume and mass of vapor produced from the MFCI is now attained, and pressure can be approximated using an ideal gas equation and a temperature must be assumed. During an MFCI, the water is heated so rapidly that it overshoots its boiling point by some amount (Wohletz et al, 2013). The exact temperature at which the phase transition from liquid water to vapor occurs is difficult to pinpoint exactly, but it is likely between the range of boiling (273 K) and the homogeneous nucleation temperature (∼583 K), where all water spontaneously changes state.…”

Section: Energy Budget For Explosions At Maar-diatreme Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and mixing dynamics from explosions in debris-filled volcanic conduits: Numerical results and implications for maar-diatreme volcanoes

Sweeney

Valentine

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Editor: T.A. MatherKeywords: maar diatreme phreatomagmatic explosive volcanism kimberlite Most volcanoes experience some degree of phreatomagmatism during their lifetime. However, the current understanding of such processes remains limited relative to their magmatic counterparts. Maar-diatremes are a common volcano type that form primarily from phreatomagmatic explosions and are an ideal candidate to further our knowledge of deposits and processes resulting from explosive magma-water interaction due to their abundance as well as their variable levels of field exposure, which allows for detailed mapping and componentry. Two conceptual models of maar-diatreme volcanoes explain the growth and evolution of the crater (maar) and subsurface vent (diatreme) through repeated explosions caused by the interaction of magma and groundwater. One model predicts progressively deepening explosions as water is used up by phreatomagmatic explosions while the other allows for explosions at any level in the diatreme, provided adequate hydrologic conditions are present. In the former, deepseated lithics in the diatreme are directly ejected and their presence in tephra rings is often taken as a proxy for the depth at which that particular explosion occurred. In the latter, deep-seated lithics are incrementally transported toward the surface via upward directed debris jets. Here we present a novel application of multiphase numerical modeling to assess the controls on length scales of debris jets and their role in upward transport of intra-diatreme material to determine the validity of the two models. The volume of gas generated during a phreatomagmatic explosion is a first order control on the vertical distance a debris jet travels. Unless extremely large amounts of magma and water are involved, it is unlikely that most explosions deeper than ∼250 m breach the surface. Other factors such as pressure and temperature have lesser effects on the length scales assuming they are within realistic ranges. Redistribution of material within a diatreme is primarily driven by subsidence following debris jet passage. Natural debris jet deposits often contain wall rock material that originated above the explosion site; likely this material was first transported downward by subsidence associated with preceding explosions and debris jets. The length scales of debris jets decrease with increasing depth, all other factors staying equal. The characteristics of the domains formed from just one explosion along with the difficulty of erupting deep-seated material indicate that erupted material at maar-diatreme volcanoes has a complex history before it is erupted and is mostly sourced from the upper-most part of the diatreme.

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Assessing Volcanic Hazard and Exposure at Obscure Volcanic Fields: A Case Study from the Bolaven Volcanic Field, Laos

Verolino

2022

Preprint

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Southeast Asia hosts a large number of active and well-studied volcanoes, the majority of which are located in Indonesia and the Philippines. Northern Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) also hosts volcanoes that for several reasons (post-World War II conflicts, poor accessibility due to dense vegetation, no known historical activity) have been little studied. Systematic assessments of the threat these volcanoes pose to resident populations do not exist, despite evidence of numerous eruptions through the late Pleistocene and likely even during the Holocene. A recent study that inferred the location of the Australasian meteorite impact (which produced the largest known tektite strewn field on Earth) beneath the Bolaven Volcanic Field in southern Laos provided a wealth of data for that volcanic field, in particular, mapping of vents and flows, and their absolute ages. Building upon this foundation, we used the Bolaven Volcanic Field as a case study for assessing the potential exposure of populations and infrastructure to lava flows during future eruptions there.Our study uses remote sensing of past flows, lava-flow simulations and open-access exposure data, to assess hazards and exposure. Our results show that future vents are most likely to occur in a N-S band atop the Bolaven Plateau, with some flows channelled into canyons that spill down the plateau flanks onto lower plains that support more populated areas such as the provincial centre, Pakse. Our exposure assessment suggests that around 300,000 people could experience socio-economic impacts from future eruptions. The largest impacts would be on two of the main economic sectors in the region, agriculture and hydropower. The potential also exists for life-threatening explosions from interactions between magma and surface waters, which are abundant in the region. We estimate an Average Recurrence Interval of approximately 10,400 years.

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Magma–water interactions

Cited by 54 publications

References 57 publications

The “suevite” conundrum, Part 1: The Ries suevite and Sudbury Onaping Formation compared

The “suevite” conundrum, Part 1: The Ries suevite and Sudbury Onaping Formation compared

Transport and mixing dynamics from explosions in debris-filled volcanic conduits: Numerical results and implications for maar-diatreme volcanoes

Assessing Volcanic Hazard and Exposure at Obscure Volcanic Fields: A Case Study from the Bolaven Volcanic Field, Laos

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