Magma mixing during the 2001 event at Mount Etna (Italy): Effects on the eruptive dynamics

Viccaro, Marco; Ferlito, Carmelo; Cortesogno, Luciano; Cristofolini, Renato; Gaggero, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.06.004

Cited by 79 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These vary from 47 ± 0.7 (for measured lavas) to 44.5 ± 5 for both clinopyroxene and amphibole phenocrysts, with the exception of plagioclase which exhibits large variations of the Y/Ho ratio from 19.5 to 40.8 (Viccaro et al, 2006). The range of values of Y/Ho is in agreement with the range of variability of the CHARAC ratios for basalts (Y/ Ho = 44.5-70.5;Bau, 1996).…”

Section: Dissolved Phasesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…4) falls inside the range of analogous samples collected during the ''Juvenile 1999'' cruise (Censi et al, 2004) in the Sicily Channel. Moreover, the chondrite-normalised YREE patterns in SPM samples evidence the same LREE/HREE fractionation observed in lavas and enclosed clinopyroxene and hastingsite phenocrysts erupted during the volcanic activity of Mount Etna during 2001 (Viccaro et al, 2006). The YREE distribution in SPM collected in the Ionian sea appears significantly weighted by leaching effects on ash present in seawater (Fig.…”

Section: Suspended Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 65%

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Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

Censi

Sprovieri

Larocca

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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This paper presents the results of a study based on data collected during the oceanographic cruise ANSIC 2001 carried out in the Ionian Sea during the explosive activity of Mount Etna in the summer of 2001. Anomalous low values of Y/Ho ratios in seawater suggest extensive scavenging processes on the surfaces of smectitic alteration products, with Y and Ho fractionation controlled by the differences in their electronic configurations and behaviour during solution/surface complexation equilibria. These processes can also be traced through the presence of significant tetrad effects recorded in the chondrite-normalised Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (YREEs) patterns of suspended particulate matter. This suggests that the preferential Y scavenging from seawater is due to the formation of inner-sphere complexes with OH À groups on montmorillonite crystal surfaces. The preliminary results of kinetic experiments of YREE released from volcanic ash to coexisting seawater, and the related effects on Y/Ho ratios and Ce anomalies, are consistent with the fractionation of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs) with respect to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) observed in dissolved phase. They suggest a behaviour of Y similar to that reported for LREEs, particularly for Ce and Pr.

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Section: Dissolved Phasesupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Suspended Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 65%

Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

Censi

Sprovieri

Larocca

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…They can be extended to many other volcanoes where evidence of rejuvenation has been observed in similar magmatic settings, characterized by relatively primitive magmas that are not very different in composition and temperature, such as e.g. Mount Etna (Viccaro et al 2006) or Stromboli (La Felice et al 2011). For more evolved magmas, reservoirs can be dominated by crystal-rich regions (Marsh 1981;Koyaguchi and Kaneko 1999;Bachmann and Bergantz 2004;Hildreth 2004;Huber et al 2009;Cooper and Kent 2014), and they are often at a lower temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Magma Chamber Rejuvenation: Insights from Numerical Models

Montagna

Papale

Longo

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Most volcanic systems on Earth are characterized by chemically different magmas that can be found in the erupted products throughout their history. The reasons are multiple, including variations in the mantle source and/or crustal assimilation, as well as shallower processes such as fractional crystallization or mixing and mingling. Magma chamber rejuvenation indicates the processes that happen whenever a magma intrudes from the mantle to shallower depths and encounters an already established storage zone (i.e. a magma chamber or reservoir). Magmas rising from depth are typically characterized by higher temperatures, larger volatile contents and more primitive, mantle-like compositions than those residing in the shallow crust. The interaction with magmas that have already resided at shallower depths for a while (years to thousands of years) varies the physical and chemical properties of both the involved magmatic end-members. Typically, volatile-rich magmas coming from depth are lighter than degassed shallow magma; therefore, a gravitational instability sets in as the two come into contact, which generates convection and thus intense mingling and mixing among the two. These dynamic interactions cause variations in the physical and chemical properties of the magmas themselves, as well as in the stress conditons both inside the reservoir and in the host rock. The volcanic system as a whole enters an unrest scenario, that can evolve to eruption or not depending on the specific conditions. Numerical simulations of the dynamics within magmatic systems can shed light on the features of magma chamber rejuvenation, providing the time

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“…The trace element contents of minerals (Table 6) are derived from the literature, by choosing the minerals with compositions as close as possible to those of the 02NE05 cognate xenolith. In particular, the trace elements of Plg and Cpx are from Viccaro et al (2006), and Ol and Ti-mt are from D'Orazio et al (1998). The NX term of the equation above is then calculated as: NX = X Pl × N Pl + X Ol × N Ol + X Cpx × N Cpx + X Ti-mt × N Ti-mt .…”

Section: The Formation Of the Cognate Xenolith Hosted In 1763 Lavasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) (Sturiale 1970;Miraglia 2002), (Bottari et al 1975;Tanguy and Kieffer 1977;Corsaro et al 2009b), and 2001 from the Lower Vents (LV, Fig. 1) (Métrich et al 2004;Viccaro et al 2006;Corsaro et al 2007) and in 2002-03 from the Southern Fissures (SF, Fig. 1) (Andronico et al 2005;Spilliaert et al 2006;Ferlito et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognate xenoliths in Mt. Etna lavas: witnesses of the high-velocity body beneath the volcano

et al. 2013

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Various xenoliths have been found in lavas of the 1763 ("La Montagnola"), 2001, and 2002-03 eruptions at Mt. Etna whose petrographic evidence and mineral chemistry exclude a mantle origin and clearly point to a cognate nature. Consequently, cognate xenoliths might represent a proxy to infer the nature of the high-velocity body (HVB) imaged beneath the volcano by seismic tomography. Petrography allows us to group the cognate xenoliths as follows: i) gabbros with amphibole and amphibole-bearing mela-gabbros, ii) olivine-bearing leuco-gabbros, iii) leuco-gabbros with amphibole, and iv) Plg-rich leuco gabbros. Geobarometry estimates the crystallization pressure of the cognate xenoliths between 1.9 and 4.1 kbar. The bulk density of the cognate xenoliths varies from 2.6 to 3.0 g/cm 3 . P wave velocities (V P ), calculated in relation to xenolith density, range from 4.9 to 6.1 km/s. The integration of mineralogical, compositional, geobarometric data, and density-dependent V P with recent literature data on 3D V P seismic tomography enabled us to formulate the first hypothesis about the nature of the HVB which, in the depth range of 3-13 km b.s.l., is likely made of intrusive gabbroic rocks. These are believed to have formed at the "solidification front", a marginal zone that encompasses a deep region (>5 km b.s.l.) of Mt. Etna's plumbing system, within which magma crystallization takes place. The intrusive rocks were afterwards fragmented and transported as cognate xenoliths by the volatile-rich and fast-ascending magmas of the 1763 "La Montagnola", 2001 and 2002-03 eruptions.

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Magma mixing during the 2001 event at Mount Etna (Italy): Effects on the eruptive dynamics

Cited by 79 publications

References 45 publications

Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

Magma Chamber Rejuvenation: Insights from Numerical Models

Cognate xenoliths in Mt. Etna lavas: witnesses of the high-velocity body beneath the volcano

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