Magma evolution in the Pliocene–Pleistocene succession of Kos, South Aegean arc (Greece)

Pe‐Piper, Georgia; Moulton, Benjamin J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.07.002

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The most evolved whole-rock samples are the holocrystalline enclaves, with compositions similar to KPT glass ( Figure 7 and 8, [31] Figure 9 and 10, Table 1). The Sr-Nd range in the KPT (and Kos-Nisyros complex; [23,24,47]) is similar to (albeit less extensive than) the Santorini data [48,49]. Volcanic rocks in Milos and centers of the Saronic gulf (Aegina, Methana, and in particular Crommyonia) generally have more radiogenic Sr and less radiogenic Nd isotopic ratios [48,50] than Santorini and KosNisyros.…”

Section: Whole-rock Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…However, precisely determining the relative contributions from the different reservoirs (slab, subducted sediments, asthenopheric mantle, metasomatized lithospheric mantle, overriding continental plate) in the Aegean using Sr and Nd isotopes is unachievable in the present state of knowledge. It is not surprising that the continental crust from the Aegean microplate is isotopically highly variable (e.g., 87 Sr/ 86 Sr from ∼0.704 to 0.71; see among many [87][88][89]), but it is also known that European lithospheric mantle can be highly heterogeneous ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr >0.715; [90][91][92][93]; see also discussion in [94] and a trachyandesite clast found in the KPT, [47]), while Nile sediments show a large range of isotopic values as well (see Figure 9; [47]; [51,52]). In these conditions, mixing calculations, which require welldefined endmembers, leave significant uncertainty in the determination of the relative proportion of each endmembers in the final rhyolitic magma.…”

Section: Rhyolite Differentiation Process In the Aegeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction between the resident crystal-rich rhyolite and a more mafic endmember (andesite) is obvious texturally (banded pumices) and compositionally in the KPT, but only involved a small fraction of mafic magma (<20% mafic magma, based on the SiO 2 scale), as banded pumices are rare and mixing trends on compositional diagrams are limited in their extent (Figure 8). Mixing therefore played a role in creating intermediate compositions in between endmembers, but could not completely erase the obvious compositional gaps in the erupted products of the Kos-Nisyros region (Figure 8; [23,47,106]). …”

Section: Rhyolite Differentiation Process In the Aegeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The petrologic evolution and pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)

Bachmann

2010

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:The Kos Plateau Tuff is a large (>60 km 3 ) and young (160 k.y.) calc-alkaline, high-SiO 2 rhyolitic ignimbrite from the active Kos-Nisyros volcanic center in the Aegean arc (Greece). Combined textural, petrological and geochemical information suggest that (1) the system evolved dominantly by crystal fractionation from (mostly unerupted) more mafic parents, (2) the magma chamber grew over 250 000 years at shallow depth (∼1.5-2.5 kb) and was stored as a H 2 O-rich crystalline mush close to its solidus (∼670-750°C), (3) the eruption occurred after a reheating event triggered by the intrusion of hydrous mafic magma at the base of the rhyolitic mush. Rare banded pumices indicate that the mafic magma only mingled with a trivial portion of resident crystal-rich rhyolite; most of the mush was remobilized following partial melting of quartz and feldspars induced by advection of heat and volatiles from the underplated, hotter mafic influx.

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Section: Whole-rock Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Rhyolite Differentiation Process In the Aegeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rhyolite Differentiation Process In the Aegeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The petrologic evolution and pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)

Bachmann

2010

Open Geosciences

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“…Detection limits are shown in Table 1. Nd isotopes were determined using methods summarised by Pe-Piper and Moulton (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precursory activity of the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff eruption, Aegean Sea (Greece)

2010

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The Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption of 161 ka was the largest explosive Quaternary eruption in the eastern Mediterranean. We have discovered an uplifted beach deposit of abraded pumice cobbles, directly overlain by the KPT. The pumice cobbles resemble pumice from the KPT in petrography and composition and differ from PlioPleistocene rhyolites on the nearby Kefalos Peninsula. The pumice contains enclaves of basaltic andesite showing chilled lobate margins, suggesting co-existence of two magmas. The deposit provides evidence that the precursory phase of the KPT eruption produced pumice rafts, and defines the paleoshoreline for the KPT, which elsewhere was deposited on land. The beach deposit has been uplifted about 120 m since the KPT eruption, whereas the present marine area south of Kos has subsided several hundred metres, as a result of regional neotectonics. The basaltic andesite is more primitive than other mafic rocks known from the Kos-Nisyros volcanic centre and contains phenocrysts of Fo 89 olivine, bytownite, enstatite and diopside. Groundmass amphibole suggests availability of water in the final stages of magma evolution. Geochemical and mineralogical variation in the mafic products of the KPT eruption indicate that fractionation of basaltic magma in a base-ofcrust magma chamber was followed by mixing with rhyolitic magma during eruption. Low eruption rates during the precursory activity may have minimised the extent of mixing and preserved the end-member magma types.

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“…Volcanism in the eastern section of the arc started with the emplacement of dacitic to rhyolitic domes on Kos from ca. 2.7-0.5 Ma (Pe-Piper and Moulton 2008) and culminated in the large explosive eruption that deposited the Kos Plateau Tuff at 161 ± 1 ka (Smith et al 1996;Bachmann et al 2007). The entirely volcanic island of Nisyros is situated ca.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mineral and cumulate perspective to magma differentiation at Nisyros volcano, Aegean arc

Klaver

Matveev

Berndt

et al. 2017

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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and these appear to be derived from the lower crust (0.5-0.8 GPa). The suppressed stability of plagioclase and early saturation of amphibole in these cumulates are indicative of high-pressure crystallisation from primitive hydrous melts (≥ 3 wt% H 2 O). Clinopyroxene in these cumulates has Al 2 O 3 contents up to 9 wt% due to the absence of crystallising plagioclase, and is subsequently consumed in a peritectic reaction to form primitive, Al-rich amphibole (Mg# > 73, 12-15 wt% Al 2 O 3 ). The composition of these peritectic amphiboles is distinct from trace element-enriched interstitial amphibole in shallower cumulates. Phenocryst compositions and assemblages in both suites differ markedly from the cumulates. Phenocrysts, therefore, reflect shallow crystallisation and do not record magma differentiation in the deep arc crust.

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Magma evolution in the Pliocene–Pleistocene succession of Kos, South Aegean arc (Greece)

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

The petrologic evolution and pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)

The petrologic evolution and pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)

Precursory activity of the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff eruption, Aegean Sea (Greece)

A mineral and cumulate perspective to magma differentiation at Nisyros volcano, Aegean arc

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