Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) sap feeding and its role in the Tierra del Fuego forest bird assemblage

Schlatter, Roberto; Vergara, Pablo M.

doi:10.1007/s10336-004-0069-y

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Its occurrence in forests in Tierra del Fuego has been related to the density of N. betuloides and the occurrence of snags (Vergara & Schlatter 2004). Magellanic woodpeckers primarily consume the larvae of wood-boring coleopteras in large and decaying trees, and also drill holes in large and healthy trees to access the phloem sap (Schlatter & Vergara 2005). Although not fatal in itself, the activity of the woodpecker may lead to secondary damage by diseases and insects.…”

Section: Fine-scale Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nothofagus Betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst 1871 (Fagales: Nothofagaceae) Forests in Southern Patagonia and Tierra Del Fuego

Promis

Cruz

Reif

et al. 2008

Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile)

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Section: Fine-scale Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nothofagus Betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst 1871 (Fagales: Nothofagaceae) Forests in Southern Patagonia and Tierra Del Fuego

Promis

Cruz

Reif

et al. 2008

Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile)

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“…Although the breeding biology and foraging behavior of Magellanic Woodpeckers have been described previously (Short 1970, Vergara and Schlatter 2004, Schlatter and Vergara 2005, Chazarreta et al 2012, Espinosa et al 2016, to date, no study has evaluated their population dynamics. Temporal fluctuations in the population size of large-bodied woodpecker species remain poorly understood because of rarity and low demographic rates (but see Mattsson et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magellanic Woodpeckers in three national parks of central-southern Chile: habitat effects and population variation over the last two decades

Vergara¹,

Meneses²,

Saavedra³

et al. 2017

ACE

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ABSTRACT. A major challenge for protected areas is providing wildlife with enough suitable habitat to cope with stochastic environment and increased pressure from the surrounding landscapes. In this study, we addressed changes in local populations of Magellanic Woodpeckers (Campephilus magellanicus) occupying three national parks of central-southern Chile. We compared the breeding and postbreeding abundance of woodpeckers during the 1990s with the present (2016) abundance (n = 4 years), and assessed the extent to which abundance was explained by forest type and quality of foraging habitat (as quantified through the plant senescence reflectance index; PSRI). Results show a distinctive temporal variation in woodpecker abundance at each park, with local populations of Magellanic Woodpeckers declining by 42.2% in Conguillío National Park, but increasing by 34.3% in Nahuelbuta National Park. Woodpeckers responded to forest conditions within each park such that their abundance increased with high quality of foraging habitat, i.e., large PSRI values, and the presence of old-growth Monkey puzzle (Araucaria araucana) -Nothofagus pumilio mixed forest. Anecdotal evidence suggests that populations of woodpeckers in Conguillío National Park might have responded negatively to large-scale disturbances from recent forest fires affecting part of the forest area within park. Because stochastic events seemed to strongly mediate population changes, our findings suggest that regional conservation of Magellanic Woodpeckers requires expanding the current conservation area network in central-southern Chile. Le Pic de Magellan dans trois parcs nationaux du centre-sud du Chili : effets de l'habitat et variation des populations durant les deux dernières décenniesRÉSUMÉ. Les aires protégées font face au défi important de fournir suffisamment d'habitat propice à la faune pour compenser le côté imprévisible de l'environnement et les pressions grandissantes provenant des paysages voisins. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, nous avons évalué les changements advenus dans les populations locales du Pic de Magellan (Campephilus magellanicus) qui fréquentent trois parcs nationaux du centre-sud du Chili. Nous avons comparé les effectifs de ce pic en nidification et en post-nidification dans les années 1990 avec ceux de 2016 (n = 4 années), et évalué dans quelle mesure les effectifs étaient reliés au type forestier et à la qualité des aires d'alimentation (quantifiée par l'indice de réflectance de la sénescence végétale; en anglais PSRI). Nos résultats montrent une variation temporelle des effectifs de pics distincte dans chaque parc : la population locale de Pics de Magellan a diminué de 42,2 % dans le parc national Conguillío, mais a augmenté de 34,3 % dans le parc national Nahuelbuta. Les pics se sont adaptés aux conditions forestières dans chaque parc, de sorte que leur abondance a augmenté là où les aires d'alimentation étaient de grande qualité, c.-à-d. avec des valeurs de PSRI élevées, et en fonction de la présence de forêt mélangée âgée de ...

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“…Among American woodpeckers, a number of species are known to drill holes in living trees to consume phloem sap, including species of Melanerpes (Genise et al 1993), Sphyrapicus (Tate 1973), Picoides (Kozma 2010) and Campephilus (Schlatter and Vergara 2005). Sap-consuming woodpeckers select among and within tree species (Kattan 1988;Blendinger 1999;Eberhardt 2000) so the availability of sap trees might be a determining factor in the spatial distribution of these species of woodpecker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of sap consumption by birds in the Chaco dry forests from Argentina

Macchi

Blendinger

Montellano

2011

Emu - Austral Ornithology

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Sap is a resource of high energy content that is usually inaccessible to birds, although woodpeckers have the ability to drill into living trees to obtain sap. Because spatial patterns of resource availability influence avian abundance, we explored how spatial patterns of sap availability determine the spatial distribution of two sap-feeding species in the semiarid Chaco of Argentina. We studied the White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum), which obtains sap by drilling holes into tree trunks, and the Glittering-bellied Emerald (Chlorostilbon aureoventris), which can obtain sap only from active woodpecker holes; 12 other bird species also exploited the sap flows from holes drilled by White-fronted Woodpeckers. The abundance of tree species used for sap feeding did not explain the spatial patterns of territorial groups of White-fronted Woodpeckers. However, within each territory, the abundance of Woodpeckers was centred on a single tree from which sap was obtained. The abundance of the Emeralds was strongly associated with the availability of trees with active sap-holes. During the dry season, sap is a major component in the diet of White-fronted Woodpeckers and Glittering-bellied Emeralds. However, the spatial distribution of these two consumers in relation to the availability of sap was species-specific. This species-specific response was closely related to the ecology and life history of each species. The abundance of woodpeckers could be determined by local mechanisms, such as location of a single sap tree in their small territories, whereas non-territorial hummingbirds would be able to track sap wells at a larger scale than the territory of a single territorial group of Woodpeckers. Our results show the importance of spatial analysis in identifying the ecological determinant of habitat selection and niche differentiation within species.

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Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) sap feeding and its role in the Tierra del Fuego forest bird assemblage

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Nothofagus Betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst 1871 (Fagales: Nothofagaceae) Forests in Southern Patagonia and Tierra Del Fuego

Nothofagus Betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst 1871 (Fagales: Nothofagaceae) Forests in Southern Patagonia and Tierra Del Fuego

Magellanic Woodpeckers in three national parks of central-southern Chile: habitat effects and population variation over the last two decades

Spatial analysis of sap consumption by birds in the Chaco dry forests from Argentina

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