MADVent: A low‐cost ventilator for patients with COVID‐19

Vasan, Aditya; Weekes, Reiley; Connacher, William; Sieker, Jeremy; Stambaugh, Mark; Suresh, Preetham; Lee, Daniel E.; Mazzei, William J.; Schlaepfer, Eric; Vallejos, T María José; Petersen, Jesper; Merritt, Sidney; Petersen, Lonnie G.; Friend, James

doi:10.1002/mds3.10106

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The COVID-19 emergency has highlighted the need for research into EVs [27][28][29]. In general, there is a lack of peer-reviewed articles that describe the science and engineering of EV design and performance, and there is a need for new research into EV design, performance, and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the world in 2020 by spreading at unprecedented rates and causing tens of thousands of fatalities within a few months. The number of deaths dramatically increased in regions where the number of patients in need of hospital care exceeded the availability of care. Many COVID-19 patients experience Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a condition that can be treated with mechanical ventilation. In response to the need for mechanical ventilators, designed and tested an emergency ventilator (EV) that can control a patient’s peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and breathing rate, while keeping a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). This article describes the rapid design, prototyping, and testing of the EV. The development process was enabled by rapid design iterations using additive manufacturing (AM). In the initial design phase, iterations between design, AM, and testing enabled a working prototype within one week. The designs of the 16 different components of the ventilator were locked by additively manufacturing and testing a total of 283 parts having parametrically varied dimensions. In the second stage, AM was used to produce 75 functional prototypes to support engineering evaluation and animal testing. The devices were tested over more than two million cycles. We also developed an electronic monitoring system and with automatic alarm to provide for safe operation, along with training materials and user guides. The final designs are available online under a free license. The designs have been transferred to more than 70 organizations in 15 countries. This project demonstrates the potential for ultra-fast product design, engineering, and testing of medical devices needed for COVID-19 emergency response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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“…Industrial enterprises and scientists also tried to succeed in development of low-cost ventilators [11][12][13][14][15]. Despite the fact that Garmendia et al [16] designed and clinically tested even much cheaper CPAP machines proposing 70-80 EUR instead of 600 EUR, the next study shows that early CPAP intervention could result in a potentially viable treatment option for patients only during the rst days of hospitalisation [17].…”

Section: Not Requiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxygenation Module - The Missing Link in Using Sleep Apnea Devices to Treat COVID-19 Pneumonia at Home

Bliznuks

Kistkins

Teličko

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The study aims at solving the problem with the limitations of the homecare CPAP equipment such as sleep apnea devices in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. By adding an advanced, rapid-to-produce oxygenation module to CPAP device we allow distributing healthcare at all levels, reducing the load on intensive care units, promoting treatment in the early stages at homecare. A significant part of the COVID-19 pneumonia patients requires not only an oxygen supply but also additional air pressure. Existing home care devices are able to create precise positive airway pressure but cannot precisely measure supplied oxygen concentration. Either uses uncertified and potentially unsafe mechanisms.Results: The developed system allows using certified and widely available CPAP (constant positive airway pressure) devices to perform the critical function of delivering pressure and oxygen to airways. CPAP device is connected to the designed add-on module that can provide predefined oxygen concentration in a precise and stable manner. Clinical test results include data from 12 COVID-19 positive patients. The device has been compared against certified NIV (non-invasive) equipment under 6-20 hPa pressure and 30-70% FiO2. Tests have proved that the developed system can achieve the same SaO2 (p=0.93) and PaO2 (p=0.80) levels as NIV with clinically insignificant differences. Test results show that the designed system can substitute NIV equipment for a significant part of COVID-19 patients while leaving existing NIV devices for unstable and critical patients. The system has been designed to be mass-produced while having medically certified critical components.Conclusion: The clinical testing of the new device for oxygen supplementation of patients treated using simple CPAP devices looks promising and could be used for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the ALIVE Vent is the only COVID-19-inspired, non-artificial manual breathing unit (AMBU) bag ventilator to date, which is capable of meeting the American Association of Respiratory Care (AARC) guidelines for mass casualty respiratory failure ventilator stockpiling and has been tested on live large animals. It is electronically driven by compressed air and oxygen and uses our openly available software application to implement precise, reliable control of the most clinically relevant ventilation variables, unlike many AMBU bag solutions [13][14][15]. The incentive to design the ALIVE Vent is entirely humanitarian and does not pursue any commercial interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From hardware store to hospital: a COVID-19-inspired, cost-effective, open-source, in vivo-validated ventilator for use in resource-scarce regions

et al. 2021

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Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients, and these shortages are especially devastating in developing countries. To help alleviate this strain, we have designed and tested the accessible low-barrier in vivo-validated economical ventilator (ALIVE Vent), a COVID-19-inspired, cost-effective, open-source, in vivo-validated solution made from commercially available components. The ALIVE Vent operates using compressed oxygen and air to drive inspiration, while two solenoid valves ensure one-way flow and precise cycle timing. The device was functionally tested and profiled using a variable resistance and compliance artificial lung and validated in anesthetized large animals. Our functional test results revealed its effective operation under a wide variety of ventilation conditions defined by the American Association of Respiratory Care guidelines for ventilator stockpiling. The large animal test showed that our ventilator performed similarly if not better than a standard ventilator in maintaining optimal ventilation status. The FiO2, respiratory rate, inspiratory to expiratory time ratio, positive-end expiratory pressure, and peak inspiratory pressure were successfully maintained within normal, clinically validated ranges, and the animals were recovered without any complications. In regions with limited access to ventilators, the ALIVE Vent can help alleviate shortages, and we have ensured that all used materials are publicly available. While this pandemic has elucidated enormous global inequalities in healthcare, innovative, cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing socio-economic barriers, such as the ALIVE Vent, can help enable access to prompt healthcare and life saving technology on a global scale and beyond COVID-19.

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MADVent: A low‐cost ventilator for patients with COVID‐19

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

The Oxygenation Module - The Missing Link in Using Sleep Apnea Devices to Treat COVID-19 Pneumonia at Home

From hardware store to hospital: a COVID-19-inspired, cost-effective, open-source, in vivo-validated ventilator for use in resource-scarce regions

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