Macular Pigment Optical Density Is Lower in Type 2 Diabetes, Compared With Type 1 Diabetes and Normal Controls

“…10 Macular pigment (and its constituent carotenoids) may have an important role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by reducing oxidative stress via its antioxidant properties as well as limiting the effect of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of this condition. 11 Some studies also have reported that MP may be lower compared to controls among persons with glaucoma, 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 13 and diabetes, 14,15 suggesting that MP could be a useful biomarker for these conditions, providing a biologically plausible rationale to investigate whether MP has a role in these pathologies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance of Macular Pigment Measurement Using Customized Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry and Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Akuffo

Beatty

Stack

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Stack J, et al. Concordance of macular pigment measurement using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and fundus autofluorescence in agerelated macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:8207-8214. DOI:10.1167/iovs.15-17822 PURPOSE. We compared macular pigment (MP) measurements using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (Macular Metrics Densitometer) and dual-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA þ OCT MultiColor) in subjects with early agerelated macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS. Macular pigment was measured in 117 subjects with early AMD (age, 44-88 years) using the Densitometer and Spectralis, as part of the Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trial (CREST; ISRCTN13894787). Baseline and 6-month study visits data were used for the analyses. Agreement was investigated at four different retinal eccentricities, graphically and using indices of agreement, including Pearson correlation coefficient (precision), accuracy coefficient, and concordance correlation coefficient (ccc).RESULTS. Agreement was poor between the Densitometer and Spectralis at all eccentricities, at baseline (e.g., at 0.258 eccentricity, accuracy ¼ 0.63, precision ¼ 0.35, ccc ¼ 0.22) and at 6 months (e.g., at 0.258 eccentricity, accuracy ¼ 0.52, precision ¼ 0.43, ccc ¼ 0.22). Agreement between the two devices was significantly greater for males at 0.58 and 1.08 of eccentricity. At all eccentricities, agreement was unaffected by cataract grade.CONCLUSIONS. In subjects with early AMD, MP measurements obtained using the Densitometer and Spectralis are not statistically comparable and should not be used interchangeably in either the clinical or research setting. Despite this lack of agreement, statistically significant increases in MP, following 6 months of supplementation with macular carotenoids, were detected with each device, confirming that these devices are capable of measuring change in MP within subjects over time. (http://www.controlled-trials.com number, ISRCTN13894787.)

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“…MP was found to be lower in type II patients with diabetes when compared with type I patients with diabetes and normal controls, despite similar carotenoid intake among the three groups 83. Lower levels of MP in type II diabetes may probably be attributable to increased competition of L and Z deposition with higher body mass index/body fat (retina vs adipose tissue), in combination with increased inflammation and oxidative stress 85 86.…”

Section: Association Of L and Z With Drmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Three studies evaluated the effect of L and Z on DR by measuring the retinal levels of these carotenoids in the form of MP in patients with diabetes 79 81 83. The findings from these studies conclude the following: (1) patients with diabetes have lower levels of MP than those without diabetes; (2) type 2 patients with diabetes have lower MP levels than type 1 patients with diabetes; (3) an inverse relationship between MP and severity of diabetic maculopathy in more advanced cases of diabetic eye disease.…”

Section: Association Of L and Z With Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in diabetic retinopathy

et al. 2017

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes and remains the leading cause of blindness in the working-age individuals. The exact aetiopathogenesis of DR remains elusive despite major advances in basic science and clinical research. Oxidative damage as one of the underlying causes for DR is increasingly being recognised. In humans, three hydroxycarotenoids, lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and -zeaxanthin (MZ), accumulate at the central retina (to the exclusion of all other dietary carotenoids), where they are collectively known as macular pigment. These hydroxycarotenoids by nature of their biochemical structure and function help neutralise reactive oxygen species, and thereby, prevent oxidative damage to the retina (biological antioxidants). Apart from their key antioxidant function, evidence is emerging that these carotenoids may also exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory function in the retina. Since the preliminary identification of hydroxycarotenoid in the human macula by Wald in the 1940s, there has been astounding progress in our knowledge of the role of these carotenoids in promoting ocular health. While the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 has established a clinical benefit for L and Z supplements in patients with age-related macular degeneration, the role of these carotenoids in other retinal diseases potentially linked to oxidative damage remains unclear. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature germane to the putative protective role of two hydroxycarotenoids, L and Z, in the pathogenesis of DR.

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Macular Pigment Optical Density Is Lower in Type 2 Diabetes, Compared With Type 1 Diabetes and Normal Controls

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Lower Macular Pigment Optical Density in Foveal-Involved Glaucoma

Lower Macular Pigment Optical Density in Foveal-Involved Glaucoma

Concordance of Macular Pigment Measurement Using Customized Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry and Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Putative protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in diabetic retinopathy

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