Macular Pigment and Percentage of Body Fat

Nolan, John; O’Donovan, Órla; Kavanagh, H.; Stack, Jim; Harrison, Michael; Muldoon, Annalouise; Mellerio, J.; Beatty, Stephen

doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0273

Cited by 104 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Consistent with most previous reports (r ¼ À 0.078 to À 0.307), 8,12 we found a significant and inverse relationship between BMI and MPOD (r ¼ À 0.387, P ¼ 0.002), which could be due to the competition between retina and adipose tissue for the absorption and uptake of carotenoids. 8,12 To the best of our knowledge, even though sunlight exposure is a known risk factor of AMD no study to date has reported an association between the UV index and the level of MPOD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…8,12 To the best of our knowledge, even though sunlight exposure is a known risk factor of AMD no study to date has reported an association between the UV index and the level of MPOD. 11,13 This study provides evidence to this association, with a finding of reduced MPOD in subjects with higher UV index (r ¼ À 0.341, P ¼ 0.007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing age, smoking, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and obesity influence the occurrence of AMD, as well as the levels of MPOD. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Another important determinant of the level of MPOD is the dietary intake of carotenoids. 14 With this background, the aim of this study was to investigate MPOD in patients with and without wet AMD in an Indian population and to elucidate the relationship of MPOD with established risk factors for AMD in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of macular pigment optical density with risk factors for wet age-related macular degeneration in the Indian population

Raman

Biswas

Gupta

et al. 2012

Eye

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Purpose To investigate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in patients with and without wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to elucidate the association between MPOD and the risk factors for AMD in an Indian population. Methods Thirty-three subjects with wet AMD and 29 controls above 50 years old underwent MPOD measurement with the 'Macular Densitometer'. The subjects were also tested for their smoking history, lifetime ultraviolet (UV) exposure, dietary intake of carotenoids, and body mass index (BMI). Results Smokers had a higher risk for AMD than the non-smokers (P ¼ 0.032) and a lower MPOD level than non-smokers (mean (95% CI)) (0.16 (0.09-0.23) vs 0.28 (0.22-0.34), adjusted P ¼ 0.026). Subjects with lowest UV exposure had higher MPOD than those with the highest (0.46 (0.38-0.54) vs 0.17 (0.01-0.33), P ¼ 0.01). MPOD was significantly lower among those with the lowest quartile of dietary intake of carotenoids (0.14 (0.08-0.21) vs 0.25 (0.13-0.36), P ¼ 0.012). Smoking, obesity, and UV index showed an inverse association with the MPOD. Low MPOD, smoking, and UV exposure had 5.11 (1.73-15.08), 3.54 (1.08-11.57), and 5.24 (1.06-25.96) odds for AMD, respectively, whereas higher dietary intake of carotenoids showed a protective effect for AMD. Conclusion We found an inverse association between wet AMD and MPOD. Among the established risk factors of wet AMD, we found an inverse association of smoking, UV index, and obesity with MPOD, whereas a positive association was found between dietary intake of carotenoids and MPOD. Eye (2012) 26, 950-957;

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of macular pigment optical density with risk factors for wet age-related macular degeneration in the Indian population

Raman

Biswas

Gupta

et al. 2012

Eye

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“…61 Interestingly, Viroonudomphol et al have demonstrated lower levels of HDL in overweight and obese subjects, consistent with the possibility that a relative lack of HDL may impair transport and/or retinal capture of the carotenoids. 92 Of note, Seddon and co-workers have demonstrated a significantly increased risk of AMD in association with obesity.…”

Section: Association Of Carotenoids With Plasma Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-related Macular Degeneration

Loane

Nolan

O'Donovan

et al. 2008

Survey of Ophthalmology

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100

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Abstract. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population in the western world. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear. However, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting the hypothesis that the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, play an important role in protection against AMD, by filtering out blue light at a pre-receptoral level, or by quenching free radicals. Lutein and zeaxanthin are dietary xanthophyll carotenoids, which are delivered to the retina via plasma lipoproteins. The biological mechanisms governing retinal capture and accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin, to the exclusion of other carotenoids, are still poorly understood. Although these mechanisms remain unclear, it is possible that selective capture of these carotenoids is related to lipoprotein, or apolipoprotein, function and profile. Xanthophyll-binding proteins appear to play an important role in the retinal capture of the xanthophyll carotenoids. The Pi isoform of GSTP1 has been isolated as a specific binding protein for zeaxanthin. The binding protein responsible for retinal uptake of lutein remains elusive. This article reviews the literature germane to the mechanisms involved in the capture, accumulation and stabilization of lutein and zeaxanthin by the retina, and the processes involved in their transport in serum. (Surv Ophthalmol 53:68--81, 2008 The central retina, known as the macula, is responsible for central and color vision because of its high concentration of cone photoreceptors. The macula is characterized by a yellow color, attributable to the presence of macular pigment. 81 Macular pigment (MP) is composed of lutein and zeaxanthin, two hydroxycarotenoids, which are entirely of dietary origin. 17 The concentration of MP peaks at the center of the macula, known as the fovea, where zeaxanthin is the dominant carotenoid. In contrast, lutein dominates in the parafoveal region. 16,82 Dietary sources 68

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“…Although few studies did not find any relationship, 15 others showed an inverse association. [16][17][18] BMI is used as an indicator of 'generalized' obesity and waist circumference (WC) or waistto-hip ratio (WHR) as a measure of 'abdominal' obesity in epidemiological surveys. 19 South Asians have greater predisposition to abdominal obesity and visceral fat, 20,21 which is attributed to the so-called 'Asian Indian phenotype' characterized by increased WC despite lower BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between various types of obesity and macular pigment optical density

Gupta

Raman

Biswas

et al. 2012

Eye

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Macular Pigment and Percentage of Body Fat

Cited by 104 publications

References 41 publications

Association of macular pigment optical density with risk factors for wet age-related macular degeneration in the Indian population

Association of macular pigment optical density with risk factors for wet age-related macular degeneration in the Indian population

Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-related Macular Degeneration

Association between various types of obesity and macular pigment optical density

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