Macular Pigment

Whitehead, A. Jeffrey; Mares, Julie A.; Danis, Ronald P.

doi:10.1001/archopht.124.7.1038

Cited by 182 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…There is increasing evidence that the yellow and orange carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are concentrated in the macula to protect against blue-light oxidation and subsequent cellular damage [3,12,21,24], as well as increasing visual acuity [16,19,22]. Increased carotenoid consumption has been directly linked to an increase in macular pigment concentrations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeaxanthin biofortification of sweet-corn and factors affecting zeaxanthin accumulation and colour change

O’Hare

Fanning²,

Martin³

2015

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeaxanthin biofortification of sweet-corn and factors affecting zeaxanthin accumulation and colour change

O’Hare

Fanning²,

Martin³

2015

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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“…The retina has a high oxygen tension (70 mmHg) which makes it very vulnerable to oxidative stress [5]. Moreover, the retina and more specifically the POS possess very high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids which further increases the sensitivity to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes [6, 7] as well as phenomena of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Histological Changes in a Model of Retinal Phototoxicity in Rabbits

Viteri

Heras-Mulero

Fernández-Robredo

et al. 2014

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Photochemical damage occurs after an exposure to high energy radiation within the visible spectrum of light, causing morphological changes in the retina and the formation of superoxide anion. In this study we created a model of phototoxicity in rabbits. Animals were exposed to a light source for 120 minutes and were sacrificed immediately or one week after exposure. Outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness measurements and photoreceptor counting were performed. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dihydroethidium was used to evaluate in situ generation of superoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in retinal homogenates as indicators of lipid peroxidation. The total antioxidant capacity and oxidative ratio were also determined. Retinas from rabbits exposed to light showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation than the unexposed animals and a decrease in outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness. Our study demonstrates that light damage produces an increase in retinal oxidative stress immediately after light exposure that decreases one week after exposure. However, some morphological alterations appear days after light exposure including apoptotic phenomena. This model may be useful in the future to study the protective effect of antioxidant substances or new intraocular lenses with yellow filters.

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“…Their functions in plants stem from their long conjugated chain of double bonds, which has light-absorbing properties and is highly susceptible to oxidative degradation. To date, the roles of lutein and zeaxanthin in human tissues are best understood for the retina where they appear to function in protecting from blue light damage and oxidative stress, possibly conferring protection against diseases such as age-related macular degeneration ( 4 – 9 ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma lutein concentrations are related to dietary intake, but unrelated to dietary saturated fat or cognition in young children

et al. 2014

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Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids present in highly pigmented vegetables and fruits. Lutein is selectively accumulated in the brain relative to other carotenoids. Recent evidence has linked lutein to cognition in older adults, but little is known about lutein in young children, despite structural brain development. We determined lutein intake using FFQ, one 24 h recall and three 24 h recalls, plasma lutein concentrations and their association with cognition in 160 children 5·6–5·9 years of age, at low risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Plasma lutein was skewed, with a median of 0·23 (2·5th to 95th percentile range 0·11–0·53) µmol/l. Plasma lutein showed a higher correlation with lutein intake estimated as the average of three 24 h recalls (r 0·479; P = 0·001), rather than one 24 h recall (r 0·242; P = 0·003) or FFQ (r 0·316; P = 0·001). The median lutein intake was 697 (2·5th to 95th percentile range 178–5287) µg/d based on three 24 h recalls. Lutein intake was inversely associated with SFA intake, but dietary fat or SFA intakes were not associated with plasma lutein. No associations were found between plasma lutein or lutein intake and any measure of cognition. While subtle independent effects of lutein on child cognition are possible, separating these effects from covariates making an impact on both child diet and cognition may be difficult.

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Macular Pigment

Cited by 182 publications

References 70 publications

Zeaxanthin biofortification of sweet-corn and factors affecting zeaxanthin accumulation and colour change

Zeaxanthin biofortification of sweet-corn and factors affecting zeaxanthin accumulation and colour change

Oxidative Stress and Histological Changes in a Model of Retinal Phototoxicity in Rabbits

Plasma lutein concentrations are related to dietary intake, but unrelated to dietary saturated fat or cognition in young children

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