Macular Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer: Automated Detection and Thickness Reproducibility with Spectral Domain–Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma

Mwanza, Jean-Claude; Oakley, Jonathan D.; Budenz, Donald L.; Chang, Robert; Knight, O'Rese J; Feuer, William J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7962

Cited by 385 publications

(352 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Only axons from RGCs on the nasal side of the ONH were not mixed up. In addition, the Cirrus OCT measured the GCIPL thickness in an elliptical area around the fovea [12]. Since approximately 50% of the RGCs are concentrated within 4.5 mm of the fovea [14], thinning of the macular GCIPL can be better visualized topographically, compared to thinning of the RNFL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GCA algorithm compares the values with an internal normative database, and generates thickness and color-coded deviation maps, and a significance map to match GCIPL thickness, with values within the normal range in green (P = 5% -95%), borderline values in yellow (1% < P < 5%), and values outside the normal range in red (P < 1%). Details of the manner in which GCIPL thickness measurements are conducted have been given elsewhere [12], [13]. Using SD-OCT, the RNFL thickness was measured in the optic disc cube 200 × 200 scan mode.…”

Section: A Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Shin

Choi

Park

2014

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Abstract-Background:To compare the thinning patterns of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) as measured using Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) in patients with visual field (VF) defects that respect the vertical meridian.Methods: Twenty eyes of eleven patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian were enrolled retrospectively. The thicknesses of the macular GCIPL and pRNFL were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT. The 5% and 1% thinning area index (TAI) was calculated as the proportion of abnormally thin sectors at the 5% and 1% probability level within the area corresponding to the affected VF. The 5% and 1% TAI were compared between the GCIPL and pRNFL measurements.Results: The color-coded GCIPL deviation map showed a characteristic vertical thinning pattern of the GCIPL, which is also seen in the VF of patients with brain lesions. The 5% and 1% TAI were significantly higher in the GCIPL measurements than in the pRNFL measurements (all P < 0.01).Conclusions: Macular GCIPL analysis clearly visualized a characteristic topographic pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian, unlike pRNFL measurements. Macular GCIPL measurements provide more valuable information than pRNFL measurements for detecting the loss of RGCs in patients with retrograde degeneration of the optic nerve fibers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Shin

Choi

Park

2014

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…A detailed description of the algorithm has been presented in detail. 13 During the scanning, the subject's pupil was first centered and focused in the iris viewport and the linescanning ophthalmoscope with 'auto focus' mode was then used to optimize the view of the retina. The 'center' and 'enhance' modes were used to optimize the Z-offset and scan polarization, respectively, for the OCT scan to maximize the OCT signal.…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroretinal alterations in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Carpineto

Toto

Aloia

et al. 2016

Eye

113

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Purpose To study neuroretinal alterations in patients affected by type 2 diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy (DR) or mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and without any sign of diabetic macular edema. Patients and methods In total, 150 type 2 diabetic patients with no (131 eyes) or mild NPDR (19 eyes) and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. All underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness values were calculated after automated segmentation of SD-OCT scans. Results Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.0 ± 0.0 LogMAR in all the groups. Mean GC-IPL thickness was 80.6 ± 8.1 μm in diabetic patients and 85.3 ± 9.9 μm in healthy controls, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, evaluating the two different diabetic groups, GC-IPL thickness was 80.7 ± 8.1 μm and 79.7 ± 8.8 μm in no-DR and mild-NPDR group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.022 compared with healthy controls, respectively). Average RNFL thickness was 86.1 ± 10.1 μm in diabetes patients and 91.2 ± 7.3 μm in controls, respectively (P = 0.003). RNFL thickness was 86.4 ± 10.2 μm in no-DR group and 84.1 ± 9.4 μm in mild-NPDR group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.017 compared with healthy controls, respectively). Conclusion We demonstrated a significantly reduced GC-IPL and RNFL thickness values in both no-DR and mild-NPDR groups compared with healthy controls. These data confirmed neuroretinal alterations are early in diabetes, preceding microvascular damages.

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“…The following macular GCIPL thickness measurements were analyzed: average, minimum, and sectoral (superonasal, superior, superotemporal, inferotemporal, inferior, and inferonasal). 11,12 In SD-OCT technology, the light from the reference arm interferes with the light reflected back from the different layers of the retina, generating spectral interference fringes. This fringe pattern is processed by a high-speed spectrometer, and then undergoes transformation to create a reflectivity profile in depth.…”

Section: Sd-octmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganglion cell complex thickness in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration

Yenice

Şengün

Demirok

et al. 2015

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (NEAMD). Methods Forty-seven eyes of 28 patients with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (NEAMD) and 54 eyes of 28 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Each subject underwent a complete ophthalmic examination before SD-OCT were obtained. Macular scans were taken with software version 6.0 of the ganglion cell analysis (GCA) algorithm. GCC thickness was evaluated automatically as the average, minimum, temporal superior, superior, nasal superior, nasal inferior, inferior, and temporal-inferior segments by SD-OCT and parameters were compared between groups. Results The mean age was 68.7 ± 8.73 years in patient group, and 61.51 ± 5.66 years in control group. There were no significant differences in mean age, gender distribution, intraocular pressure, and sferic equivalent at imaging between the groups (P40.05). The mean (± SD) GCC thicknesses were as follows; average 71.53 ±16.53 μm, minumum 62.36 ± 21.51 μm, temporal superior 72.23 ± 14.60 μm, superior 72.76 ± 20.40 μm, nasal superior 72.31 ± 20.13 μm, nasal inferior 69.74 ± 20.51 μm, inferior 69.38 ± 19.03 μm, and temporal-inferior 73.12 ± 15.44 μm in patient group. Corresponding values in control group were 81.46 ± 4.90 μm, 78.66 ± 6.00 μm, 81.51 ± 4.66 μm, 82.94 ± 5.14 μm, 81.79 ± 5.86 μm, 80.94 ± 6.18 μm, 80.14 ± 6.30 μm, and 81.75 ± 5.26 μm, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups in each segments (Mann-Whitney U-test, Po0.05). Conclusion The average GCC thickness values (in all segments) of NEAMD patients were lower than control group. NEAMD, which is considered as a disease of outer layers of retina, may be accompanied with a decrease of ganglion cell thickness, so inner layers of retina may be affected.

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Macular Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer: Automated Detection and Thickness Reproducibility with Spectral Domain–Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma

Cited by 385 publications

References 27 publications

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning in patients with visual field defect that respects the vertical meridian

Neuroretinal alterations in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ganglion cell complex thickness in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration

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