Macrostate and Microstate of EEG Spatio-Temporal Nonlinear Dynamics in Zen Meditation

Lo, Pei-Chen; Tian, Wu Jue Miao; Liu, Fang-Ling

doi:10.4236/jbbs.2017.713046

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…Zen meditation is reported to lead to increased alpha and theta activity in many brain regions, including the frontal cortex, and decreases in the Default Mode Network [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Second Strategy: Researching Individual Meditation Practimentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Neurobiology of Meditation: Comparison of Three Organizing Strategies to Investigate Brain Patterns during Meditation Practice

Travis

2020

Medicina

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Three broad organizing strategies have been used to study meditation practices: (1) consider meditation practices as using similar processes and so combine neural images across a wide range of practices to identify the common underlying brain patterns of meditation practice, (2) consider meditation practices as unique and so investigate individual practices, or (3) consider meditation practices as fitting into larger categories and explore brain patterns within and between categories. The first organizing strategy combines meditation practices defined as deep concentration, attention to external and internal stimuli, and letting go of thoughts. Brain patterns of different procedures would all contribute to the final averages, which may not be representative of any practice. The second organizing strategy generates a multitude of brain patterns as each practice is studied individually. The rich detail of individual differences within each practice makes it difficult to identify reliable patterns between practices. The third organizing principle has been applied in three ways: (1) grouping meditations by their origin—Indian or Buddhist practices, (2) grouping meditations by the procedures of each practice, or (3) grouping meditations by brain wave frequencies reported during each practice. Grouping meditations by their origin mixes practices whose procedures include concentration, mindfulness, or effortless awareness, again resulting in a confounded pattern. Grouping meditations by their described procedures yields defining neural imaging patterns within each category, and clear differences between categories. Grouping meditations by the EEG frequencies associated with their procedures yields an objective system to group meditations and allows practices to “move” into different categories as subjects’ meditation experiences change over time, which would be associated with different brain patterns. Exploring meditations within theoretically meaningful categories appears to yield the most reliable picture of meditation practices.

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“…Zen meditation is reported to lead to increased alpha and theta activity in many brain regions, including the frontal cortex, and decreases in the Default Mode Network [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Second Strategy: Researching Individual Meditation Practimentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Neurobiology of Meditation: Comparison of Three Organizing Strategies to Investigate Brain Patterns during Meditation Practice

Travis

2020

Medicina

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Recognition of psychological emotion by EEG features

Huang

2021

Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinforma

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Mapping meditative states and stages with electrophysiology: concepts, classifications, and methods

Schoenberg

Vago

2019

Current Opinion in Psychology

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Author Declarations: None we wish to confirm. There are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing We confirm that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property. We understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process (including Editorial Manager and direct communications with the office). We are responsible for submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs. We confirm that we have provided a current, correct email address which is accessible by the Corresponding Author.

show abstract

Macrostate and Microstate of EEG Spatio-Temporal Nonlinear Dynamics in Zen Meditation

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

On the Neurobiology of Meditation: Comparison of Three Organizing Strategies to Investigate Brain Patterns during Meditation Practice

On the Neurobiology of Meditation: Comparison of Three Organizing Strategies to Investigate Brain Patterns during Meditation Practice

Recognition of psychological emotion by EEG features

Mapping meditative states and stages with electrophysiology: concepts, classifications, and methods

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