“…For example, the Yates nomogram is only for use in patients with urothelial carcinoma and not suitable for other subtypes like squamous cell carcinoma. Also, this nomogram do not include risk factors that have shown to correlate significantly with the clinical outcome of patients, including bladder tumour history (Milojevic et al , 2012), preoperative hydronephrosis grade (Ito et al , 2011), tumour multifocality (Chromecki et al , 2012), lymphovascular invasion (Akao et al , 2008; Lin et al , 2008; Godfrey et al , 2012), tumour architecture (Fritsche et al , 2012), and tumour necrosis (Lee et al , 2007; Zigeuner et al , 2010). Cha et al (2012) and Rouprêt et al (2013) developed the prognostic models and confirmed the importance of lymphovascular invasion and tumour architecture, two strong prognostic variables that have been associated with features of biologically and clinically aggressive UUT-UC.…”