Macroscopic Mass and Energy Balance of a Pilot Plant Anaerobic Bioreactor Operated Under Thermophilic Conditions

Espinosa-Solares, Teodoro; Bombardiere, John; Chatfield, Mark; Domaschko, Max; Easter, Michael; Stafford, David; Castillo-Angeles, Saul; Castellanos-Hernandez, Nehemias

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-268-7_81

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Table 3 shows the mechanical energy used for recycling the digestate (L-205) and biogas (JB-207), as well as the thermal requirements to keep the digester under thermophilic conditions (E-208) and the energy content of the biogas produced, considering in all the cases a 24-h period of time. Taking into account the amount of energy used for mixing (L-205 and JB-207) and for heating the digestate (E-208), the average energy used for heating represents 95.6% of the total energy consumed, which is similar to the 94.8% previously reported for the same pilot plant [6]. These facts have important technological implications, considering that heat requirements represent more than 95% of the energy needs for the system and taking into account that the global heat transfer coefficient of the tank is small, it is clear that energy is used mainly to heat the input feed slurry and that losses to the environment are marginal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Effect of Heating Strategy on Power Consumption and Performance of a Pilot Plant Anaerobic Digester

Espinosa-Solares

Valle‐Guadarrama

Bombardiere

et al. 2009

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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The effect of heating strategy on power consumption and performance of a pilot plant anaerobic digester treating chicken litter, under thermophilic conditions, has been studied. Heating strategy was evaluated using three different spans (0.2 degrees C, 0.6 degrees C, and 1.0 degree C) for triggering the temperature control system from target temperature (56.7 degrees C). The hydraulic retention time in the pilot plant digester was in the range of 32 to 37 days, varying the total solids concentration fed from 5% to 6%. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, heating was the most energy-demanding process with 95.5% of the energy used. Increments up to 7.5% and 3.8%, respectively, on mechanical and heating power consumption, were observed as the span, for triggering the temperature control system from target temperature, was increased. Under the experimental conditions studied here, an increment of 30.6% on the global biodigester performance index was observed when a span of 1.0 degree C was compared to the one of 0.2 degrees C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In the pilot plant used by our research team [6], mixing was achieved by pumping digestate and recycling biogas. In that particular case, temperature control had a narrow span (0.1°C) between the target and the tank temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Heating Strategy on Power Consumption and Performance of a Pilot Plant Anaerobic Digester

Espinosa-Solares

Valle‐Guadarrama

Bombardiere

et al. 2009

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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“…When the CSTR was operated from an organic loading rate of 1.5 up to 2.5 kgVS/m 3 d, the total and volatile solids removals decreased gradually with an increase in the OLR. The minimal VS removal was 66% (for the OLR of 2.5 kgVS/m 3 d), which was higher than reported for manure in pilot and industrial-scale CSTR (50% -58% of VS removal) [8][9][10]. The process could be negatively affected in terms of the low hydraulic retention time, which could not allow the proper metabolism/degradation of the recalcitrant substances, thus avoiding to obtain higher removal.…”

Section: Analytical Methodologymentioning

confidence: 70%

Anaerobic Mono-Digestion of Turkey Manure: Efficient Revaluation to Obtain Methane and Soil Conditioner

Chamy¹,

Vivanco²,

Ramos³

2011

JWARP

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This work demonstrates the possibility to make a full valuation of a solid waste such as turkey manure, to obtain methane and a soil conditioner/fertilizer from turkey manure anaerobic digestion in a mesophilic pilot-scale continuous stirred tank reactor at different organic loading rates (OLR) (from 0.5 to 2.5 kgVS/m 3 d). The application of the anaerobic mono-digestion for the turkey manure treatment was an efficient alternative, because high volatile solids removal and methane were obtained in addition to obtaining a stabilized solid waste that can be applied as soil conditioner, based on its nutritional parameters and humic substances content. In this way, the turkey manure anaerobic digestion can be applied avoiding the co-digestion of the manure with other wastes and allows a process devoid of pollutant emissions, obtaining two products. The reactor operation depends on the OLR, and its operation does not allow an OLR above 1.5 kgVS/m 3 d. Higher OLR produced a decrease in the TS and VS removals and methane productivity.

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“…Among them are feed composition [2,3] and organic loading rate [3] that influence the microbial populations that exist in bioreactors. In addition, processes are affected by feed frequency, digester geometry, and hydraulic retention time [4][5][6]. Additionally, the microbial population composition also depends on process temperatures, as it was shown by Karakashev et al [2] who, based on the evaluation of the methanogenic communities of full-scale biogas plants, reported that microorganism diversity was greater in reactors operating under mesophilic conditions than under thermophilic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Keywords Temperature prediction Á Mass and energy balances Á Overall heat transfer coefficient List of symbols A t , A he Tank and heat exchanger areas (m 2 ) Cp d , Cp i Specific heat of digestate and a stream i (subscript i refers streams 1, 2, 4 and 10) (J kg -1 K -1 ) h 1 , h 2 , h 4 Enthalpy of streams 1, 2, and 4 (J kg -1 ) h 5 , h 6 , h 7 Enthalpy of streams 5, 6, and 7 (J kg -1 ) h 8 , h 9 , h 10 Enthalpy of streams 8, 9, and 10 (J kg -1 ) h sat 5 Stream 5 saturation vapor enthalpy (J kg -1 ) l " w h ; l " w b Energy lost due to friction in heating and blowing recirculation (J kg -1 ) _ m 1 ; _ m 2 ; _ m 4 Mass flow of streams 1, 2, and 4 (kg s -1 ) _ m 5 ; _ m 6 ; _ m 8 Mass flow of streams 5, 6, and 8 (kg s -1 ) _ m 10 Mass flow of stream 10 (kg s -1 ) m d Mass (kg) of the digestate in the biodigester at a time t m d, 0 Initial mass in the biodigester (kg) M CH 4 ; M CO 2 Molecular weight of methane and carbon dioxide (kg kg mol -1 ) M H 2 O Molecular weight of water (kg kg mol -1 ) P nc Pressure at normal conditions (Pa) P 6 , P 7 Pressure of streams 6 and 7 (Pa) P 8 , P 9 Pressure of streams 8 Volumetric flow of stream (m 3 s -1 ) at normal conditions V d Volume (m 3 ) of the digestate in the biodigester at a time t x d , x 1,2, 10 Solids concentration of the digestate and the streams 1, 2 and 10 (kg kg -1 ) x CH 4 4 , x CO 2 4 Methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in stream 4 (kg kg -1 )…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling temperature variations in a pilot plant thermophilic anaerobic digester

Valle‐Guadarrama

Espinosa-Solares

López‐Cruz

et al. 2010

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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A model that predicts temperature changes in a pilot plant thermophilic anaerobic digester was developed based on fundamental thermodynamic laws. The methodology utilized two simulation strategies. In the first, model equations were solved through a searching routine based on a minimal square optimization criterion, from which the overall heat transfer coefficient values, for both biodigester and heat exchanger, were determined. In the second, the simulation was performed with variable values of these overall coefficients. The prediction with both strategies allowed reproducing experimental data within 5% of the temperature span permitted in the equipment by the system control, which validated the model. The temperature variation was affected by the heterogeneity of the feeding and extraction processes, by the heterogeneity of the digestate recirculation through the heating system and by the lack of a perfect mixing inside the biodigester tank. The use of variable overall heat transfer coefficients improved the temperature change prediction and reduced the effect of a non-ideal performance of the pilot plant modeled.

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Macroscopic Mass and Energy Balance of a Pilot Plant Anaerobic Bioreactor Operated Under Thermophilic Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Heating Strategy on Power Consumption and Performance of a Pilot Plant Anaerobic Digester

Effect of Heating Strategy on Power Consumption and Performance of a Pilot Plant Anaerobic Digester

Anaerobic Mono-Digestion of Turkey Manure: Efficient Revaluation to Obtain Methane and Soil Conditioner

Modeling temperature variations in a pilot plant thermophilic anaerobic digester

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