Macrorrestos vegetales en el sitio arqueológico Cueva Salamanca 1, Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina). Paleoambiente y uso de la vegetación durante el Holoceno

Abstract

43 N. M. Apóstolo et al. -Macrorrestos vegetales en el sitio arqueológico Cueva Salamanca 1 Summary Background and aims: The archaeological site Cueva Salamanca 1 (CS1),Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina), is related to the grassland, tolar and lowland plant associations and was inhabited by hunter-gatherer groups (ca. 10,000 -6,000 years BP). The plant remains recovered from the CS1 site are studied in order to determine the palaeoenvironmental conditions that occurred during the Holocene, which determined the use and specific exploitation of different plant associations by human groups that inhabited the site. M&M: The plant macroremains recovered from CS1 were analysed with microscopy and by morphological comparisons with the species of the current flora surrounding the site. Results: Of the 60 plant species that grow in the current environment related to the CS1 archaeological site, 44% are represented in the recovered, both herbaceous and woody charred and non-charred, belonging to the families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedraceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae. A greater use of the tolar is observed, followed by the grassland and the lowland during the whole sequence, considering the species that grow in a radius of 30 km from the site. Conclusions: The human groups that inhabited CS1, during the Holocene Early Middle, Late Middle and Late, have made an effective occupation and knew and identified the different plant species to be exploited as fuel, preparation of manufactures and resting litters. The morphological and anatomical adaptations observed in the species found reflect the conditions of the paleoenvironment during the Holocene. Key WordSArchaeobotany, Holocene, hunter-gatherers, paleoenvironment, plant macroremains.reSumen Introducción y objetivos: El sitio arqueológico Cueva Salamanca 1 (CS1), Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina), está relacionado a las asociaciones vegetales pajonal, tolar y vega y fue habitado por grupos cazadores-recolectores (ca. 10.000 -6.000 años AP). Se estudian los restos vegetales recuperados del sitio CS1, con el fin de determinar las condiciones paleoambientales que se sucedieron durante el Holoceno, las cuales determinaron el uso y la explotación específica de diferentes asociaciones vegetales por parte de grupos humanos que lo habitaban. M&M: Los macrorrestos vegetales recuperados fueron analizados con microscopía y mediante comparaciones morfológicas con las especies de la flora actual circundante al sitio. Resultados: De las 60 especies vegetales que crecen en el ambiente actual relacionado al sitio CS1, 44 % están representadas en los macrorrestos recuperados, tanto herbáceos como leñosos no carbonizados y carbonizados, pertenecientes a las familias Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedraceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae y Verbenaceae. Se observa un mayor uso del tolar, seguido por el pajonal y la vega durante toda la se...

Plant dependency and risk management in the Andean Puna during the Mid to Late-Holocene

“…Only a very small number of wild plants are considered as having any subsistence value today. Currently, 17 species of plants with edible roots or rhizomes, leaves and small fruits (Table 1) are occasionally gathered and consumed by local people whose sustenance largely depends on llama, sheep and goat by-products, plants grown in small family gardens (quinoa, maize, fava beans, and potatoes) as well as products obtained in the market (Apóstolo et al, 2019; Babot et al, 2018; Cabrera, 1957; Haber, 1992; Lund, 2016; Margarita Morales, 2011, personal communication; Rodríguez, 2013b).…”

“… Source : Aguirre (2007, 2012), Apóstolo et al (2019), Babot (2011), Pintar and Rodríguez (2015), Rodríguez (1999a, 1999b, 2004, 2008, 2013a, 2013b). * Non-local origin, probably grown in the South Puna. 1 QS3: Quebrada Seca 3 site; CS1: Cueva Salamanca 1 site; PCZ: Peñas de la Cruz 1 site; PP3: Punta de la Peña 3 site; PP4: Punta de la Peña 4 site; PP9: Punta de la Peña 9 site; PP11A: Punta de la Peña 11A site; PP11B: Punta de la Peña 11B site; PCh1.1: Peñas Chicas 1.1 site PCh1.3: Peñas Chicas 1.3 site; PCh1.6: Peñas Chicas 1.6 site CChM1: Casa Chávez Montículos 1 site. …”

“… Source : Aguirre (2007), Apóstolo et al (2019), Babot (2011), Pintar and Rodríguez (2015), Rodríguez (1999a, 1999b, 2004, 2008, 2013a, 2013b), Winkel et al (2018). * Balanophoraceae associated with edible parasitic roots in Northwest Argentina and northern Chile (Villagrán and Castro, 2004: 89–91; Cabrera, 1957: 369). 1 QS3: Quebrada Seca 3 site; CS1: Cueva Salamanca 1 site; PCz: Peñas de la Cruz 1 site; PP3: Punta de la Peña 3 site; PP4: Punta de la Peña 4 site; PP9: Punta de la Peña 9 site; PP11A: Punta de la Peña 11A site; PP11B: Punta de la Peña 11B site; PCh1.3: Peñas Chicas 1.3 site. …”

“… Source : Aguirre (2007), Apóstolo et al (2019), Babot (2011), Pintar and Rodríguez (2015), Rodríguez (1999a, 1999b, 2004, 2008, 2013a, 2013b), Winkel et al (2018). …”