Macroporous scaffolds of cross-linked Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) via high internal phase emulsion templating

Yadav, Anilkumar; Pal, Jit; Nandan, Bhanu; Srivastava, Rajiv K.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.034

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During the HIPE-ROP, PCL chains were covalently bound to each other through different amounts of BCY crosslinks depending on the HIPE formulations. It was earlier shown that polyHIPE of PCL scaffolds crosslinked with BCY result in promising scaffolds with significant compressive strengths and good cell viability [ 23 ]. Scheme 1 describes the polymerization of CL and in-situ crosslinking with bis-(ε-caprolactone-4-yl) (BCY) via ring opening polymerization (ROP) catalyzed using Sn(Oct) 2 at 120 °C [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several scaffolds with different volume fractions of dispersed phase ( ϕ 2 ) and theoretical crosslink densities ( D x ) were prepared by changing the amount of hexadecane or BCY in the emulsion, see Table 1 . The porosity of the scaffolds was determined in the previous study and varied from 42 to 74% [ 23 ]. Higher ϕ 2 increased the porosity, while the porosity was slightly decreased with increasing D x .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hydrolytic Degradation of Porous Crosslinked Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Synthesized by High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated using the high internal polymerization emulsion (HIPE) technique. Bis(ε-caprolactone-4-yl) (BCY) was utilized as crosslinker. The crosslinking density and the volume fraction of the dispersed phase were varied in order to study the potential effect of these parameters on the hydrolytic degradation at 37 °C and 60 °C. After different hydrolysis times the remaining solid samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the degradation products in the aqueous aging solutions were analyzed by laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The effect of temperature on the degradation process and release of degradation products was, as expected, significant. The temperature effect was also shown by FTIR analysis that displayed a pronounced increase in the intensity of the hydroxyl-group absorption band after 70 days of hydrolysis at 60 °C indicating significant cleavage of the polymer chains. LDI-MS analysis proved the release of oligomers ranging from dimers to hexamers. The product patterns were similar, but the relative m/z signal intensities increased with increasing time, temperature and crosslinking density, indicating larger amounts of released products. The latter is probably due to the decreasing degree of crystallinity as a function of amount of crosslinker. The porous structure and morphology of the scaffolds were lost during the aging. The higher the crosslinking density, the longer the scaffolds retained their original porous structure and morphology.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolytic Degradation of Porous Crosslinked Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Synthesized by High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Development of PolyHIPEs by ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of cyclic monomers is a relatively new route of polymerisation HIPEs. ε-caprolactone and L-lactide are the most widely used monomers in this approach (Pérez-García et al, 2016;Sharma et al, 2016;García-Landeros et al, 2019;Utroša et al, 2019;Yadav et al, 2019). One of the most important advantages of this technique is the elimination of diluting solvents from the emulsion composition due to the low viscosity of the cyclic monomers.…”

Section: Ring-opening Polymerisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Dikici

Claeyssens

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate critical size defects, which cannot heal naturally, by using highly porous matrices called TE scaffolds made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. There are various manufacturing techniques commonly used to fabricate TE scaffolds. However, in most cases, they do not provide materials with a highly interconnected pore design. Thus, emulsion templating is a promising and convenient route for the fabrication of matrices with up to 99% porosity and high interconnectivity. These matrices have been used for various application areas for decades. Although this polymer structuring technique is older than TE itself, the use of polymerised internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs) in TE is relatively new compared to other scaffold manufacturing techniques. It is likely because it requires a multidisciplinary background including materials science, chemistry and TE although producing emulsion templated scaffolds is practically simple. To date, a number of excellent reviews on emulsion templating have been published by the pioneers in this field in order to explain the chemistry behind this technique and potential areas of use of the emulsion templated structures. This particular review focusses on the key points of how emulsion templated scaffolds can be fabricated for different TE applications. Accordingly, we first explain the basics of emulsion templating and characteristics of PolyHIPE scaffolds. Then, we discuss the role of each ingredient in the emulsion and the impact of the compositional changes and process conditions on the characteristics of PolyHIPEs. Afterward, current fabrication methods of biocompatible PolyHIPE scaffolds and polymerisation routes are detailed, and the functionalisation strategies that can be used to improve the biological activity of PolyHIPE scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the applications of PolyHIPEs on soft and hard TE as well as in vitro models and drug delivery in the literature are summarised.

show abstract

“…Few studies have recently been reported where the synthesis of PCL scaffolds (neat, blend or crosslinked) was performed using nonaqueous HIPE templates comprising hydrophobic liquids such as olefins or silicone oil as the dispersed phase. [96][97][98] Apart from the non-aqueous dispersed phase, selection of emulsifier (surfactant and/or Pickering stabilizer) and catalyst was also assessed. Applicability of such scaffolds as potential tissue engineering implants or absorbents has been evaluated via in vitro cell growth, and liquid-sorption and oil/water separation experiments.…”

Section: Non-aqueous Hipe Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion templated scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone) – a review

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Macroporous scaffolds of cross-linked Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) via high internal phase emulsion templating

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Hydrolytic Degradation of Porous Crosslinked Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Synthesized by High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating

Hydrolytic Degradation of Porous Crosslinked Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Synthesized by High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Emulsion templated scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone) – a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About