Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery

Alshehri, Saad M.; Al‐Lohedan, Hamad A.; Al‐Farraj, Eida S.; Alhokbany, Norah; Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad; Ahamad, Tansir

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.049

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Both of the carboxymethyl cellulose/epichlorohydrin-coated and chitosan-coated capsules recorded a maximum drug loading of 97.2% with 50 mg mL −1 at pH 6.0-6.4. The faster release was revealed when the pH increased from 1.4 to 7.4 in both the coated capsule samples [19,20]. The release of drugs from the loaded sporopollenin shells was limited at low (1.4) and high pH (> 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The immunomodulatory potentials of ragweed pollen can be deployed in effective delivery of drugs, but more elaborative studies should be undertaken for the biomedical applications of these pollens [18]. Owing to their unique properties, sporopollenin shells can be considered as suitable candidates for the encapsulation and delivery of various polar and nonpolar drugs [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release behaviour from the shell can broadly be influenced by the polymer employed for coating of the shell which should be considered separately when sporopollenin is utilized for drug release investigations [14,20]. Remarkably, the electrostatic repulsion forces and acidic/basic conditions of the media have some effects on the solublity of the drug, and they can also affect the loading/release behaviour from the shell [19,20]; the solvent media do control the release of active substances [13]. In this review, recent advances related to the application of plant pollen grains for the delivery of drug/vaccine are highlighted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Pollen Grains: A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems

Iravani

Varma

2021

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Pollen grains and plant spores have emerged as innovative biomaterials for various applications such as drug/vaccine delivery, catalyst support, and the removal of heavy metals. The natural microcapsules comprising spore shells and pollen grain are designed for protecting the genetic materials of plants from exterior impairments. Two layers make up the shell, the outer layer (exine) that comprised largely of sporopollenin, and the inner layer (intine) that built chiefly of cellulose. These microcapsule shells, namely hollow sporopollenin exine capsules have some salient features such as homogeneity in size, non-toxic nature, resilience to both alkalis and acids, and the potential to withstand at elevated temperatures; they have displayed promising potential for the microencapsulation and the controlled drug delivery/release. The important attribute of mucoadhesion to intestinal tissues can prolong the interaction of sporopollenin with the intestinal mucosa directing to an augmented effectiveness of nutraceutical or drug delivery. Here, current trends and prospects related to the application of plant pollen grains for the delivery of vaccines and drugs and vaccine are discussed. "Image missing"

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Pollen Grains: A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems

Iravani

Varma

2021

Nano-Micro Lett.

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“…Controlled-release MDDS for 5-FU has been reported by encapsulating the 5-FU into various polymeric microspheres, but these are highly expensive [7,11]. Plants spores (phoenix dactylifera) and pollen grains as MDDS have been used due to high structural uniformity, porosity, adsorptive surface, and micro-scale size distribution [12,13]. Phoenix dactylifera spores are economical and can be easily processed on an industrial scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eudragit-Coated Sporopollenin Exine Microcapsules (SEMC) of Phoenix dactylifera L. of 5-Fluorouracil for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery

et al. 2021

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In this study, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded pollens of Phoenix dactylifera and their coating with ERS was done and evaluated for the colon-targeted delivery of 5-FU to treat colon cancer. Sporopollenin exine microcapsules (SEMC) from the pollens of Phoenix dactylifera were extracted by the reflux method and 5-FU into SEMC was encapsulated by the vacuum-assisted loading method. 5-FU loaded SEMC was coated with Eudragit® RS-100 (ERS) by the organic solvent-evaporation technique under vacuum to avoid the discharge of 5-FU in the stomach and small intestine. Morphological and physicochemical characterization of drug-loaded SEMC (coated/uncoated) was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, XRD, and DSC. The encapsulation and drug loading were determined by the direct method, and an in vitro release study was performed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF/SIF). The colon-specific delivery of 5-FU from the SEMC was assessed in terms of pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal tract distribution after oral administration in rats. The successful encapsulation and loading of 5-FU into SEMC by a vacuum-assisted loading technique and its coating with ERS by a solvent-evaporation technique were achieved. SEM images of uncoated SEMC have shown porous structures, and coating with ERS reserved their morphology with a smooth surface and discrete microstructures and the 5% w/v ERS acetone solution. ERS-coated SEMC sustained the release of 5-FU until 24 h in SIF, while it was up to 12 h only from uncoated SEMC. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 5-FU from uncoated SEMC was 102.82 μg/mL after 1 h, indicating a rapid release of 5-FU in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This concentration decreased quickly with a half-life of 4 h, AUC0-t was 264.1 μg/mL.h, and MRT0-inf was 5.2 h. The Cmax of 5-FU from ERS-coated SEMC was 19.47 μg/mL at 16 h. The Cmax of 5-FU in small intestines was 406.2 μg/g at 1 h from uncoated SEMC and 1271.5 μg/g at 12 h from coated SEMC. Conclusively, a 249.9-fold higher relative bioavailability of 5-FU was achieved with the ERS-coated SEMC in colon tissues than that from uncoated SEMC.

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“…Since the last decade, researchers have actively focused on the development and modification of plant pollen as a delivery vehicle for many active ingredients such as drugs [17][18][19] and active compounds [20]. Considering the latest research related to the utilization of sporopollenin for the controlled delivery of anticancer drugs, researchers are conducting in-vitro release assays using different buffer solutions to simulate the intestine and stomach environment and to investigate the release effect of the drug from carrier [21][22][23]. However, these assays have not been conducted using novel real-time cell analyzer tools, such as xCELLigence, to get a more accurate picture of the controlled release in cancer cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages fromCedrus libaniandPinus nigrafor controlled delivery of Oxaliplatin

Mujtaba¹,

Yılmaz

Cansaran-Duman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Sporopollenin-mediated controlled drug delivery has been studied extensively owing to its physicochemical and biological charachteristics. In the present study, sporopollenin was successfully extracted from pollen grains of C. libani and P. nigra followed by the loading of a commonly known anticancer drug Oxaliplatin. Both the drug loading and physicochemical features were confirmed by using light microscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TGA. For the first time, real-time cell analyzer system, xCELLigence, was employed to record the Oxaliplatin-loaded and sporopollenin-mediated cell death (CaCo-2 and Vero cells) in real time. Both the assays confirmed the slow release of Oxaliplatin from sporopollenin for around 40–45 h. The expression of MYC and FOXO-3 genes significantly increased in CaCo2 cell and decreased non-cancerous Vero cell confirming that sporopollenin-mediated controlled release of Oxaliplatin was promoting apoptosis cell death preventing the spread of its negative effects to nearby healthy cells. All the results suggested that C. libani and P. nigra could be suitable candidates for slow delivery of drugs.

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Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Plant Pollen Grains: A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems

Plant Pollen Grains: A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems

Eudragit-Coated Sporopollenin Exine Microcapsules (SEMC) of Phoenix dactylifera L. of 5-Fluorouracil for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery

Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages fromCedrus libaniandPinus nigrafor controlled delivery of Oxaliplatin

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