“…The two types of biosensors identified, optical and electrochemical, were biocompatible and reliable because cells were able to adhere, grow and proliferate and were able to monitor cell differentiation through the evaluation of ALP fluctuation, FAK, Src, GTPase, and PKA activities, Ca concentration, cadherin and BGP production (Carvalho et al, ; Chung et al, ; Desai et al, ; Kuo et al, ; Liao et al, , ; Tay et al, ; Wan et al, ; Wiraja et al, ; Xu et al, ; Yeo et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhao et al, ). Also, the impedance produced by cells during their differentiation, the production of ATP during stretching and superoxide concentration are also efficiently monitored (Bagnaninchi & Drummond, ; Banan Sadeghian et al, ; Chiu et al, ; Hecht et al, ; Hildebrandt et al, ; Ižák et al, ; Reitinger et al, ).…”