Macrophysical and microphysical properties of monsoon clouds over a rain shadow region in India from ground‐based radiometric measurements

Harikishan, G.; Padmakumari, B.; Maheskumar, R. S.; Pandithurai, G.; Min, Qilong

doi:10.1002/2013jd020872

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…The radiative properties of clouds are parameterized in terms of CER averaged for the cloud LWP by using Mie theory [ Hu and Stamnes , ; Min and Harrison , ]. More on the retrieval technique and the derived products are detailed in Harikishan et al []. They also observed that the comparison and validation of these parameters against the satellite and in situ measurements are in good agreement with each other.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such events of continuous/heavy rainfall are very few over this region as compared to monsoon core region, and hence, this region is prone to drought conditions. From ground‐based radiometric measurements, monsoon cloud properties over Mahabubnagar were studied recently by Harikishan et al []. The present study emphasizes aerosol‐cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects over the rain shadow region during the days with almost negligible dynamical effects.…”

Section: Area Of Observations and Synoptic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microwave radiometric profiler (MWRP, MP-3000A) is operated along with MFRSR at the same location [Harikishan et al, 2014]. Its measurement technique is detailed in Liljegren et al [2001] and Ware et al [2003].…”

Section: Ground-based Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol indirect effects from ground‐based retrievals over the rain shadow region in Indian subcontinent

et al. 2016

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Aerosol‐induced changes in cloud microphysical and radiative properties have been studied for the first time using ground‐based and airborne observations over a semiarid rain shadow region. The study was conducted for nonprecipitating, ice‐free clouds during monsoon (July to September) and postmonsoon (October) months, when cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations over the region of interest increased monotonically and exhibited characteristics of continental origin. A multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer and microwave radiometric profiler were used to retrieve the cloud optical depth and liquid water path (LWP), respectively, from which cloud effective radius (CER) was obtained. CER showed wide variability from 10–18 µm and a decreasing trend toward the postmonsoon period. During monsoon, the estimated first aerosol indirect effect (AIE) increased from 0.01 to 0.23 with increase in LWP. AIE at different super saturations (SS) showed maximum value (significant at 95%) at 0.4% SS and higher LWP bin (250–300 g/m2). Also, statistically significant AIE values were found at 0.6% and 0.8% SSs but at lower LWP bin (200–250 g/m2). The relationship between CCN and CER showed high correlation at 0.4% SS at higher LWP bin, while at higher SSs good correlations were observed at lower LWPs. Data combined from ground‐based and aircraft observations showed dominance of microphysical effect at aerosol concentrations up to 1500 cm−3 and radiative effect at higher concentrations. This combined cloud microphysical and aerosol radiative effect is more prominent during postmonsoon period due to an increase in aerosol concentration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Area Of Observations and Synoptic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol indirect effects from ground‐based retrievals over the rain shadow region in Indian subcontinent

et al. 2016

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“…The monsoon region is reported to experience the persistence of both dust aerosols 13 , 46 and build-up of anthropogenic fine particles 47 – 49 , the combined effects of which can diminish surface reaching radiation and can cool the surface, subsequently increasing the atmospheric stability. Further, transient occurrence of black carbon aerosols has been measured both at surface and at elevations of 1 to 3 km over India and adjoining oceans 50 , 51 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosols cause intraseasonal short-term suppression of Indian monsoon rainfall

Dave

Bhushan

Venkataraman

2017

Sci Rep

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Aerosol abundance over South Asia during the summer monsoon season, includes dust and sea-salt, as well as, anthropogenic pollution particles. Using observations during 2000–2009, here we uncover repeated short-term rainfall suppression caused by coincident aerosols, acting through atmospheric stabilization, reduction in convection and increased moisture divergence, leading to the aggravation of monsoon break conditions. In high aerosol-low rainfall regions extending across India, both in deficient and normal monsoon years, enhancements in aerosols levels, estimated as aerosol optical depth and absorbing aerosol index, acted to suppress daily rainfall anomaly, several times in a season, with lags of a few days. A higher frequency of prolonged rainfall breaks, longer than seven days, occurred in these regions. Previous studies point to monsoon rainfall weakening linked to an asymmetric inter-hemispheric energy balance change attributed to aerosols, and short-term rainfall enhancement from radiative effects of aerosols. In contrast, this study uncovers intraseasonal short-term rainfall suppression, from coincident aerosol forcing over the monsoon region, leading to aggravation of monsoon break spells. Prolonged and intense breaks in the monsoon in India are associated with rainfall deficits, which have been linked to reduced food grain production in the latter half of the twentieth century.

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“…From calibrated brightness temperature, the MWR can retrieve temperature, humidity, and liquid profiles up to 10 km at temporal resolutions of 0.5 to 5 min [ Solheim et al , ; Ware et al , ; Löhnert et al , ; Cimini et al , ; Chan , ]. These profiles are available nearly continuously and can be very useful for the detection of mesoscale phenomena that require very high spatial and temporal scales [ Knupp et al , ; Madhulatha et al , ; Harikishan et al , ]. The accuracy of MWR profiles is compatible with most meteorology applications, especially in the lower troposphere [ Güldner and Spänkuch , ; Hewison , ; Chan and Hon , ; Cimini et al , ; Ware et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of atmospheric profiles between microwave radiometer retrievals and radiosonde soundings

Zhang

et al. 2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Atmospheric profiles of temperature (T), vapor density (ρv), and relative humidity (RH) retrieved from ground‐based microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements are compared with radiosonde soundings at Wuhan, China. The MWR retrievals were averaged in the ±30 min period centered at sounding times of 00 and 12 UTC. A total of 403 and 760 profiles under clear and cloudy skies were selected. Based on the comparisons, temperature profiles have better consistency than the ρv and RH profiles, lower levels are better than upper levels, and the cloudy are better than the clear‐sky profiles. Three cloud types (low, middle, and high) were identified by matching the infrared radiation thermometer‐detected cloud base temperature to the MWR‐retrieved temperature‐height profiles. Temperature profile under high cloud has the highest correlation coefficient (R) and the lowest bias and RMS, but under low cloud is in the opposite direction. The ρv profile under middle cloud has the highest R and the lowest bias but under high cloud has the lowest R, the largest bias, and RMS. Based on the radiosonde soundings, both clear and cloudy wind speeds and drifting distances increase with height but increase much faster under clear than cloudy above 4 km. The increased wind speeds and drifting distances with height have resulted in decreased correlation coefficient and increased temperature biases and RMSs with height for both clear and cloudy skies. The differences in R, bias, and RMS between clear and cloudy skies are primarily resulted from their wind speeds and drifting distances.

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Macrophysical and microphysical properties of monsoon clouds over a rain shadow region in India from ground‐based radiometric measurements

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

Aerosol indirect effects from ground‐based retrievals over the rain shadow region in Indian subcontinent

Aerosol indirect effects from ground‐based retrievals over the rain shadow region in Indian subcontinent

Aerosols cause intraseasonal short-term suppression of Indian monsoon rainfall

Comparison of atmospheric profiles between microwave radiometer retrievals and radiosonde soundings

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