Macrophomina phaseolina: General Characteristics of Pathogenicity and Methods of Control

Abstract

Macrophomina phaseolina is a generalist soil-borne fungus present all over the world. It cause diseases such as stem and root rot, charcoal rot and seedling blight. Under high temperatures and low soil moisture, this fungus can cause substantial yield losses in crops such as soybean, sorghum and groundnut. The wide host range and high persistence of M. phaseolina in soil as microsclerotia make disease control challenging. Therefore, understanding the basis of the pathogenicity mechanisms as well as its interactions with host plants is crucial for controlling the pathogen. In this work, we aim to describe the general characteristics and pathogenicity mechanisms of M. phaseolina, as well as the hosts defense response. We also review the current methods and most promising forecoming ones to reach a responsible control of the pathogen, with minimal impacts to the environment and natural resources.

Superoxide Initiates the Hyphal Differentiation to Microsclerotia Formation of Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Sclerotia or microsclerotia formation is a survival strategy for plant-pathogenic fungi such as S. sclerotiorum , S. minor , V. dahliae , and M. phaseolina . Advanced studies on the sclerotia and microsclerotia biology are desired in order to better manage these soilborne diseases by reducing the pathogen inoculum surviving in debris and soils ( 5 , 43 , 44 ). Although the theory of ROS-induced sclerotia development has been supported by studying Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes using transcriptomic analysis and ROS inhibition assay, the theory in microsclerotia of V. dahliae and N. rileyi has been evaluated only using transcriptomic analyses; ROS inhibition and stimulation assay in the microsclerotia formation have been lacking.…”

Feijão-fava: doenças virais e fúngicas

“…Em plantas adultas é frequentemente observada a presença de lesões fusiformes nas hastes, com coloração acinzentada; os picnídios podem ser observados em caules e ramos como pequenas pontuações negras dispersas entre as lesões; plantas adultas com altos níveis de severidade da doença podem apresentar murcha e a consequente morte. Os fatores que levam à morte das raízes e do caule em diversas espécies botânicas são a obstrução dos vasos do xilema e a ação patogênica do fungo, com produção de enzimas e toxinas que necrosam o tecido (MARQUEZ et al 2021).…”

Phytophthora Root Rot: Importance of the Disease, Current and Novel Methods of Control

“…Breeding for resistant cultivars therefore remains the main strategy for managing the disease, although this is threatened by the high variability of the pathogen [7]. Novel strategies are therefore required, among which are the use of biological control agents (BCAs), which have become more and more popular for the control of pests and diseases in several crops [8][9][10]. The use of these alternative biocontrol strategies is in line with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015, to support the needs of the present and future generations via sustainable consumption and production (https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda, accessed on 20 November 2021).…”