Macrophages, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

He, Li; Yang, Meng; He, Shuwang; Tan, Xiaoqiu; Zhang, Yujia; Zhang, Xiuli; Wang, Lulu; Wang, Zheng

doi:10.3390/cells11193001

Cited by 75 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 251 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“… 27 First, LGI affects adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle tissues through macrophage penetration and the production of inflammatory cytokines within these tissues (eg, TNF-α) that decrease peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin through inhibition of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-protein kinase B (Akt)-glucose transport (GLUT) pathway. 28 In addition, chronic inflammation promotes inflammation in the pancreas leading to increased beta-cell apoptosis. Interestingly, among LGI markers, CRP is consistently associated with insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Grade Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Maternal Insulin Resistance and Fetal Growth Indices

Nguyen¹,

Minh²,

Dinh³

et al. 2023

IJGM

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Introduction Chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) plays a role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). LGI, on the one hand, promotes insulin resistance and at the same time, affects fetal development. The study aimed to use clinically feasible means to evaluate the association between maternal LGI and maternal insulin resistance and fetal growth indices by ultrasound in the third trimester. Methods A crossectional and descriptive study on 248 first-time diagnosed GDM in Vietnam. Results Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) indices were significantly higher in GDM than in normal glucose-tolerant pregnancies (p = 0.048 and 0.016, respectively). GDM with LGI witnessed significantly higher systolic blood pressure, BMI, HbA1c, and significantly lower quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) than those without LGI. After adjusting for maternal BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), age, and parity, C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with HOMA2-IR (B=0.13, p<0.01) and Mathews index (B=0.29, p<0.01). Regarding fetal characteristics, LGI was associated with fetal growth indices in the third trimester of GDM. NLR was negatively correlated with estimated fetal weight (EFW) (B=−64.4, p<0.05) after adjusting for maternal BMI and FPG. After adjusting for maternal BMI, FPG, age, and parity, PLR was negatively correlated with biparietal diameter (B=−0.02, p<0.01) and abdominal circumference (AC) (B=−0.16, p<0.05), and EFW (B=−1.1, p<0.01), and head circumference (HC) (B=−0.06, p<0.01); CRP was negatively correlated with AC (B=−0.16, p<0.001), EFW (B=−85.3, p<0.001), and HC (B=−5.0, p<0.001). Conclusion In the third trimester, LGI was associated with maternal glucose and insulin resistance in GDM. Moreover, LGI was associated with fetal characteristics in ultrasonic images. There were negative correlations between LGI and fetal developmental characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Grade Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Maternal Insulin Resistance and Fetal Growth Indices

Nguyen¹,

Minh²,

Dinh³

et al. 2023

IJGM

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“…Adipose tissue inflammation may begin with the production of inflammatory mediators, which then leads to macrophage infiltration, which in turn exacerbates inflammation [ 177 ]. Both resident and invading macrophages in adipose tissue can become activated, starting off a chain reaction that ultimately results in the production of many proinflammatory cytokines [ 178 ].…”

Section: Microbiome Dysbiosis At the Intersection Of Obesity And Glau...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma

Pezzino

Sofia

Greco

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain–ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.

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“…The inflammatory process involves the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that cause IR and the development of atherosclerosis [ 51 ]. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are encoded by genes that may be associated with both IR and atherosclerosis [ 52 ]. Expressing these genes may serve as the potential genetic markers of IR and atherosclerosis.…”

Section: How Do Ir and Atherosclerosis Link Genetically?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Markers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

et al. 2023

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion on a background of insulin resistance (IR). IR and T2DM are associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanisms of IR and atherosclerosis are known to share similar genetic and environmental roots. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) detected at the earliest stages of IR might be the origin of atherosclerosis progression. ED influences the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their encoding genes. The genes and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) act as potential genetic markers of IR and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the link between IR, T2DM, atherosclerosis, CAD, and the potential genetic markers CHI3L1, CD36, LEPR, RETN, IL-18, RBP-4, and RARRES2 genes.

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Macrophages, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Cited by 75 publications

References 251 publications

Low-Grade Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Maternal Insulin Resistance and Fetal Growth Indices

Low-Grade Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Maternal Insulin Resistance and Fetal Growth Indices

Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma

Genetic Markers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

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