Macrophages and the human immunodeficiency virus

Priming of human CD4+ antigen-specific T cells to undergo apoptosis by HIV-infected monocytes. A two-step mechanism involving the gp120 molecule.

“…In this setting, activated uninfected CD4 ϩ T cells are in close proximity to infected antigen-presenting cells. Thus, it is likely that these infected accessory cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-induced immunosuppression (23). The hypothesis that HIV-infected monocytes may be crucial for the development of AIDS is also supported by studies on the pathology of HIV-1 in chimpanzees.…”

Trans-activation of the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by the parvovirus B19 NS1 gene product

“…In vivo, B19 parvovirus infection seems restricted to cells of the erythroid lineage of the bone marrow (BFU-E and CFU-E) (Young et al, 1984). However B19 DNA could be detected in macrophages (Morey et al, 1992;Porter et al, 1988), a classical target of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Meltzer et al, 1990). Megakaryocytes, another potential HIV target (Zucker-Franklin & Cao, 1989) can also be infected in vitro by B19 (Srivastava et al, 1990).…”

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is upregulated on alveolar macrophages from AIDS patients

“…Eur Respir J., 1994, 7, 229-234. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system represent the predominant cell population expressing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in most tissues. Unlike CD4+ T-lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages are relatively resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and, thus, serve as a reservoir for the virus [1]. In the lung, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the primary cell targets harbouring HIV-1 chronically.…”