Macrophage subtyping in the determination of age of injection sites

Schulz‐Schaeffer, Walter; Brück, Wolfgang; Püschel, Klaus

doi:10.1007/bf01369598

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although it was originally suspected that the ICAM-1 might decompose by autolysis during cold storage [12,30], this could not be substantiated. Our immunohistochemical methods revealed no significant difference in the ICAM-1 staining intensity which with respect to wound age determination, is a desirable effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Time dependence of the expression of ICAM-1 (CD 54) in human skin wounds

Dreßler

Bachmann

Kasper

et al. 1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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To characterize the vitality and age of skin wounds by means of the ICAM-1 pattern, 157 intravital human skin wounds (time since injury ranging from 5 min to 730 days) were immunohistochemically investigated. ICAM-1 was detected in paraffin sections after autoclaving and using the ABC technique in 86% of the wounds investigated. The correlation between ICAM-1 expression and the degree of wound inflammation is weak. Strong positive staining was observed 1.5 h at the earliest and 3.5 days at the latest after the time of injury. ICAM-1 also appeared at low concentrations in samples of uninjured skin (n = 65), on keratinocytes and the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Moderate to strong ICAM-1 expression is a valuable indication of the vitality of the wound. However, at present the detection of ICAM-1 alone is not sufficient to fix the wound age with the accuracy which is required for forensics applications. PIC = perivascular infiltration cells, bKC = basal keratinocytes, KC = keratinocytes, EC = endothelial cells PIC = perivascular infiltration cells, bKC = basal keratinocytes, KC = keratinocytes, EC = endothelial cells

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Time dependence of the expression of ICAM-1 (CD 54) in human skin wounds

Dreßler

Bachmann

Kasper

et al. 1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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“…Different measures have been employed to establish the time between administration and death. Thus, morphological changes in the lungs [21] and at the injection sites [22] in fatal and non-fatal overdose cases have been investigated. Furthermore, the impact of the morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide to free morphine ratios has been explored by some authors [6,11,15,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal injections of heroin. Interpretation of toxicological findings in multiple specimens

Druid

Holmgren

1998

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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We report two fatalities due to injection of heroin. The first case was witnessed but during the early phase of the police investigation the question was raised whether the injection was self-administered. Multiple samples were collected from different sites and analysed in order to establish drug distribution and to determine the site of injection. Fresh injection marks were found in both antecubital fossae but histological examination failed to settle which one was the last. However, toxicological analysis of the tissues at the injection sites indicated that the injection in the right arm was the last one. This was consistent with the suspicion that the victim was given the injection by another person although probably in agreement with the deceased. In the second case, a similar toxicological procedure was used. This fatality was not witnessed, however ample evidence indicated that it was an isolated event in a former intravenous heroin addict and there was only one fresh injection mark. Even in this case, the concentration of morphine was much higher in the tissue sample from the injection mark than in any of the blood samples.

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“…13,19 ; MRP8, recognizing intermediately activated macrophages (1:500) 13,15 ; 25F9 detecting late-activated monocytes/macrophages (1:50; all BMA Biomedicals, Augst, Switzerland), 18 anti-CD3 and anti-CD8 (1:500; Dako, Hamburg, Germany).…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,18 Several immunohistochemical studies examining, for example, the different stages of wound healing have shown that the expression of these markers occurs in a time-dependent fashion. 1,15 In multiple sclerosis, the sequential expression of acute and lateactivation markers has been used to distinguish active from chronic demyelinating lesions. 2 In addition, macrophage subsets are found in autoimmune polyneuropathies and can be used as an additional tool to separate these conditions from other forms of polyneuropathies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocyte/macrophage differentiation in dermatomyositis and polymyositis

et al. 2004

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Recent advances have revealed significant differences in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. To determine whether different patterns of macrophage differentiation are a useful tool to delineate the major groups of inflammatory myopathies, the muscle biopsies of 11 patients with dermatomyositis and 12 patients with polymyositis were studied using different macrophage markers. In polymyositis, the early-activation markers MRP14 and 27E10 stained the majority of macrophages, which were recognized by the pan-macrophage marker Ki-M1P and which were located primarily in the endomysium. In dermatomyositis, macrophages predominantly expressed the late-activation marker 25F9 and were found mainly in the perimysium. Thus, the location and presence of different subsets of macrophages distinguish dermatomyositis and polymyositis. The predominance of early-activated macrophages in polymyositis indicates a more acute disease process. The findings in dermatomyositis, by contrast, suggest a role of persistent monocytes/macrophages in the disease process.

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Macrophage subtyping in the determination of age of injection sites

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Time dependence of the expression of ICAM-1 (CD 54) in human skin wounds

Time dependence of the expression of ICAM-1 (CD 54) in human skin wounds

Fatal injections of heroin. Interpretation of toxicological findings in multiple specimens

Monocyte/macrophage differentiation in dermatomyositis and polymyositis

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