Macrophage stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. II. Evidence for differentiation signals delivered by lipid A and by a protein rich fraction of lipopolysaccharides.

Doe, William F.; Yang, Sheng‐Zehn; Morrison, David C.; Betz, S J; Henson, P M

doi:10.1084/jem.148.2.557

Cited by 85 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, when this technique is used with Y. pestis or Y. pseudotuberculosis, the resulting preparations lack endotoxic activities (45,81). It is known that extraction of LPS from a variety of smooth and rough bacterial strains by the Boivin procedure produces preparations in which LPS is complexed through its lipid A moiety to a protein-rich component, lipid-associated protein (53). The proteins in Boivin-type LPS are a mixture of porins and other outer membrane proteins (77) that possibly can block endotoxic activities in BaSoAn.…”

Section: B Antigen and Basoan Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Diversity ofYersinia pestis

2004

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Increased interest in the pathogenic potential of Yersinia pestis has emerged because of the potential threats from bioterrorism. Pathogenic potential is based on genetic factors present in a population of microbes, yet most studies evaluating the role of specific genes in virulence have used a limited number of strains. For Y. pestis this issue is complicated by the fact that most strains available for study in the Americas are clonally derived and thus genetically restricted, emanating from a strain of Y. pestis introduced into the United States in 1902 via marine shipping and subsequent spread of this strain throughout North and South America. In countries from the former Soviet Union (FSU), Mongolia, and China there are large areas of enzootic foci of Y. pestis infection containing genetically diverse strains that have been intensely studied by scientists in these countries. However, the results of these investigations are not generally known outside of these countries. Here we describe the variety of methods used in the FSU to classify Y. pestis strains based on genetic and phenotypic variation and show that there is a high level of diversity in these strains not reflected by ones obtained from sylvatic areas and patients in the Americas

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Section: B Antigen and Basoan Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Diversity ofYersinia pestis

2004

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“…Macrophage stimulation by LPS seems to be independent of other cell types and results in the capacity to lyse both syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cell lines. In the accompanying paper we show that such stimulation of macrophages is a general property of LPS extracted from Gram-negative bacterial cell walls (20). Lysis of target cells by LPS stimulated macrophages is dependent upon the absolute number of macrophages required to produce confluent monolayers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. I. Cytolytic effect on tumor target cells.

Doe¹,

Henson²

1978

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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142

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Diverse stimuli induce macrophages to become nonspecifically cytotoxic for transformed cells in vitro (1). Bacterial infections of mice by Bacillus CalmetteGu~rin (BCG) 1 (2), protozoal infestations by Toxoplasma gondii or Besnoitia jellisoni (3), certain viral infections (4), and intraperitoneal inoculations of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (5) produce macrophages that injure transformed cells in vitro. In addition, macrophages obtained directly from tumors nonspecifically lyse transformed target cells (6-9). Taken together, these data suggest a central role for stimulated macrophages both in host control of tumor cell proliferation and in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory process. However, the mechanisms involved in the stimulation of macrophages, the generation of the lytic state, and the mediation of target cell injury are not understood. Recently, we and others have shown that cytolytic properties can be induced in peritoneal macrophages by using LPS (10, 11) thereby offering the prospect of examining how macrophages become stimulated, then injure tissues. The studies reported here investigate the nature of the interaction between LPS and murine macrophages that results in the generation of their capacity to kill tumor cells in a nonspecific manner. Materials and Methods Preparations of LPS.The heptose-deficient mutant from Salmonella minnesota (R595) was grown in trypticase soy broth (Baltimore Biological Laboratories, Cockeysville, Md.) under aerated conditions. Cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed twice with 0.85% sodium chloride. LPS from R595 was extracted and purified in our laboratory by Dr. D. C. Morrison using the phenol-petroleum ether-chloroform procedure of Galanos et al. (12). The water insoluble LPS extract was then sonicated and dissolved in 0.1% triethylamine. After extensive dialysis, the LPS preparation of R595 was stored at -70°C until required. LPS from Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4 (ATCC 12015) was extracted by the phenol-water method of Westphal and Jann (13).Media and Cell Lines. Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) was supplemented

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“…In vivo, porins and LPS exhibit similar effects (Galdiero et al, 1994). In vitro, both agents are strong macrophage and polyclonal B-cell activators (Doe et al, 1978 ;Goodman & Sultzer, 1979a, b). The results presented in this study show that porinmediated induction of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 was independent of CD14 and only partially dependent on CD11a\18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%