Macrophage polarization in interstitial lung diseases

Wojtan, Paweł; Mierzejewski, Michał; Osińska, Iwona; Domagała‐Kulawik, Joanna

doi:10.5114/ceji.2016.60990

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To distinguish between M1 and M2 by phenotype analysis is difficult; we observed high plasticity of these cells in previous studies [18,24]. Macrophages have the ability to rapidly adapt to changes in the environment that may result in their function switching, as shown by the problems with proper characterisation of specific M1, M2 function.…”

Section: Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 94%

CD163 and CCR7 as markers for macrophage polarisation in lung cancer microenvironment

Kwiecień¹,

Polubiec-Kownacka²,

Dziedzic³

et al. 2019

cejoi

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Introduction: M2 macrophages are predominant in the immune infiltrates of resected tumours, but little is known about macrophage phenotype in the local lung cancer environment, which may be evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Aim of the study: To find differences between BALF from lung affected by cancer (clBALF) and hlBALF from the opposite, healthy lung, as a control, from the same patient, regarding their individual macrophage polarization and their correlation with IL-10 and TGF-β. Material and methods: Eighteen patients with confirmed lung cancer were investigated. Macrophage subtyping was performed by immunofluorescence with antibodies anti-CCR7 and CD163 (M1 and M2, respectively). Results: We found five populations of macrophages: cells with a single reaction: only for CCR7+ or CD163+, a double reaction (CCR7+CD163+), cells with a stronger CD163 (CCR7 low CD163+), and cells with a stronger CCR7 (CCR7+CD163 low). The main population in the clBALF was composed of cells with a phenotype similar to M2 (CCR7 low CD163+), while in the hlBALF the predominating phenotype was the one similar to M1 (CCR7+CD163 low). The median proportion of TGF-β1 concentration was higher in the clBALF and hlBALF supernatant than in the serum. Conclusions: In this study we confirmed the usefulness of the immunofluorescence method with CCR7 and CD163 in the evaluation of BALF macrophage polarization in lung cancer.

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Section: Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 94%

CD163 and CCR7 as markers for macrophage polarisation in lung cancer microenvironment

Kwiecień¹,

Polubiec-Kownacka²,

Dziedzic³

et al. 2019

cejoi

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“…118,130 alveolar macrophages of patients with sarcoidosis. 60 Interestingly, an M2 polarization has been reported in other interstitial lung diseases with fibrosis. This is in line with an M2 polarization in a Th2 environment that has been observed in neurosarcoidosis with myofibrisosis, 61 and in fibrotic intestinal lesions of patients with Crohn's disease.…”

Section: Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunopathogenesis of granulomas in chronic autoinflammatory diseases

et al. 2016

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Granulomas are clusters of immune cells. These structures can be formed in reaction to infection and display signs of necrosis, such as in tuberculosis. Alternatively, in several immune disorders, such as sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease and common variable immunodeficiency, non-caseating granulomas are formed without an obvious infectious trigger. Despite advances in our understanding of the human immune system, the pathogenesis underlying these non-caseating granulomas in chronic inflammatory diseases is still poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge about the immunopathogenesis of granulomas, and we discuss how the involved immune cells can be targeted with novel therapeutics.

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“…At 21 days after bleomycin treatment, we found no differences in myeloid cell subsets (Supplemental Figure 6A) or lymphocytes (Supplemental Figure 6B) between CHOP -/and WT mice exposed to 14% O 2 or maintained in normoxia. Since M2 macrophage polarization has been associated with lung fibrosis (17)(18)(19), we also isolated lung macrophages and examined whether CHOP deficiency alters macrophage polarization; however, no M1/M2 phenotype shift was observed in CHOP -/mice following bleomycin treatment in either the normoxia or hypoxia groups (Supplemental Figure 6C). Since bleomycin results in inflammation that peaks between 1 and 2 weeks after exposure, we also evaluated inflammation during this time period at 10 days after bleomycin injection (exposure to 21% O 2 or 14% O 2 for 3 days between 7 and 10 days after bleomycin).…”

Section: Chop Regulates Epithelial Cell Survival and Mediates Lung Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized hypoxia links ER stress to lung fibrosis through induction of C/EBP homologous protein

et al. 2018

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ER stress in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is common in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the contribution of ER stress to lung fibrosis is poorly understood. We found that mice deficient in C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), an ER stress-regulated transcription factor, were protected from lung fibrosis and AEC apoptosis in 3 separate models where substantial ER stress was identified. In mice treated with repetitive intratracheal bleomycin, we identified localized hypoxia in type II AECs as a potential mechanism explaining ER stress. To test the role of hypoxia in lung fibrosis, we treated mice with bleomycin, followed by exposure to 14% O2, which exacerbated ER stress and lung fibrosis. Under these experimental conditions, CHOP-/- mice, but not mice with epithelial HIF (HIF1/HIF2) deletion, were protected from AEC apoptosis and fibrosis. In vitro studies revealed that CHOP regulates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in AECs via the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathways. In human IPF lungs, CHOP and hypoxia markers were both upregulated in type II AECs, supporting a conclusion that localized hypoxia results in ER stress-induced CHOP expression, thereby augmenting type II AEC apoptosis and potentiating lung fibrosis.

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Macrophage polarization in interstitial lung diseases

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

CD163 and CCR7 as markers for macrophage polarisation in lung cancer microenvironment

CD163 and CCR7 as markers for macrophage polarisation in lung cancer microenvironment

Immunopathogenesis of granulomas in chronic autoinflammatory diseases

Localized hypoxia links ER stress to lung fibrosis through induction of C/EBP homologous protein

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