The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of functional polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with systemic lupus erythematosus. Our study includes 711 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 755 healthy controls. We genotyped the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) À173G/C using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system with predeveloped TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and the MIF À794 CATT n microsatellite polymorphism using a PCR-fluorescent method. A statistically significant difference in the distribution of the MIF À173*C allele between SLE patients and controls (P ¼ 0.004, OR ¼ 1.34, 95% CI ¼ 1.05-1.27) was observed. In addition, the frequency of the MIF À173 *C/C genotype was higher in SLE patient (P ¼ 0.002, OR ¼ 2.58, 95% CI ¼ 1.32-5.10). No differences in the distribution of CATT n were found. However, the haplotypes analyses showed that only the CATT 7 -MIF À173 *C haplotype was associated with a higher susceptibility to SLE (P ¼ 0.001, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.35-2.79). No association with clinical features was detected in any case. These results suggest that both, MIF À173 *C allele and CATT 7 -MIF À173*C haplotype, confer susceptibility to SLE in our population.