Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Association of −794 CATT5–8 and −173 G>C polymorphisms with TNF-α in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream immunoregulatory cytokine associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that MIF functions in a positive feedback loop with TNF-α that could perpetuate the inflammatory process in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this case-control study we investigated whether commonly occurring functional MIF polymorphisms are associated with SLE as well as with MIF and TNF-α serum levels in a Mexican-Mestizo population. Genotyping of the -794CATT5- 8(rs5844572) and -173G>C(rs755622) MIF polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP respectively in186 SLE patients and 200 healthy subjects. MIF and TNF-α serum levels were determined by ELISA. A significant increase of MIF and TNF-α levels was found in SLE patients. According to a genetic model, we found a significant association of genotypes carrying the -794CATT7 and -173*C risk alleles with susceptibility to SLE and with a significant increase of TNF-α . In conclusion, MIF gene polymorphisms are associated with SLE susceptibility and with an increase of TNF-α serum levels in a Mexican-Mestizo population.

Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

“…Our genetic data indicate that patients with GPA had a greater prevalence of high MIF expression (i.e., >À794 CATT 5 ) genotypes when compared to healthy controls. These findings mirror the associations that have been reported previously between MIF polymorphisms and disease susceptibility or clinical severity in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (13,42), scleroderma (14), rheumatoid arthritis (15,43), autoimmune liver disease (44), and celiac disease (45), as well as in granulomatous conditions such as sarcoidosis (6) and tuberculosis (25,46). Furthermore, higher MIF plasma levels were noted in patients with GPA compared to healthy controls, a finding previously reported in AAV and other granulomatous diseases (8,47,48).…”

Levels of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor and polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis

“…The articles were subjected to screening, and 31 duplicate articles as well as 202 articles with reviewed titles and abstract were excluded. Twenty-two articles were retrieved for further detailed assessments, and 9 articles were further excluded (3 have no full texts, 3 have no available data, and 3 were only review papers), leaving 13 articles meeting the inclusion criteria [16][17][18][19][20][28][29][30][31][32][33] (Figure 1). Among the 13 included articles, 5, 3, 1, and 1 were from PubMed [16,18,20,28,29,32], Embase [17,30,31], Web of Science [19], and several Chinese databases [33], respectively.…”

“…Over the years, some studies have indicated plasma/serum MIF level in patients with SLE and demonstrated that plasma/serum MIF level differs in SLE patients. In addition, several studies have explored the association of MIF-173 C/G and -794 CATT polymorphisms with susceptibility to SLE, but with a smaller sample size compared to the overall sample size of this study [16][17][18][19][20]. However, the difference in the various studies cannot be elucidated by standard units, ethnicity, and characteristic differences in healthy controls.…”

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor –173GC Variant Might Increase the Risk of Behçet’s Disease

“…Research has shown that MIF levels are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [17], systemic lupus erythematosus [18], insulin resistance [19], and type 2 diabetes mellitus [20]. As all these disorders are associated with persistent inflammation, it is important to elucidate the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of the disease.…”