Macrophage invasion and phagocytic activity during lens regeneration from the iris epithelium in newts

Reyer, Randall W.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001880402

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The KCs of Amphibia show features that are very similar to other Amphibia macrophages localized in other body regions, such as those described in the lungs (Welsch, 1981), or in the cerebrospinal fluid (Kor- dylewsky, 1983), during lens regeneration (Reyer, 1990), or in the spleen (Alvarez, 1990).…”

Section: Pinocytose and Phagocytosesupporting

confidence: 54%

Amphibia Kupffer cells

Sichel

Scalia

Corsaro

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amphibia Kupffer cells (i.e., liver resident macrophages) show many common characteristics when compared with Mammalia Kupffer cells: filopodia, microvillous-like structures, lamellipodia, fuzzy coat, coated vesicles, bristled vacuoles, nonspecific esterase activity, and pinocytotic and phagocytic activity are present both in Amphibia and Mammalia Kupffer cells. On the other hand, some differences are present between Kupffer cells of both zoological classes: phagocytosed red cells and their derivatives, iron-protein complexes, and lipofuscin bodies are normally present in Amphibia Kupffer cells, but absent in the same cells of healthy mammals. Worm-like structures are not seen in Amphibia and endogenous peroxidase activity is very weak in these animals compared with Mammalia. The most important difference lies in the ability of Amphibia Kupffer cells to produce melanins: in fact the tyrosinase gene is expressed, "melanosome centers" are present, and dopa oxidase activity is demonstrable.

show abstract

Section: Pinocytose and Phagocytosesupporting

confidence: 54%

Amphibia Kupffer cells

Sichel

Scalia

Corsaro

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multinucleate cells are characteristic of fused macrophages that form as a result of chronic inflammation (Allison and Davies, 1974). Interestingly, macrophages (though not multinucleate forms) also accumulate at the site of Wolffian lens regeneration in newts where they are believed to play a role in removing melanosomes expelled from the de-differentiated pigmented iris epithelial cells that form the new lens (Yamada and Dumont, 1972, Reyer, 1990a,b). There is another class of immune cells that contain multi-lobed nuclei, represented by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (i.e., eosinophils, basophils and neutrophlis, Alberts et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of pluripotency factors in larval epithelia of the frog Xenopus: Evidence for the presence of cornea epithelial stem cells

Perry

Thomas

Henry

2013

Developmental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the biology of somatic stem cells in self renewing tissues represents an exciting field of study, especially given the potential to harness these cells for tissue regeneration and repair in treating injury and disease. The mammalian cornea contains a population of basal epithelial stem cells involved in cornea homeostasis and repair. Research has been restricted to mammalian systems and little is known about the presence or function of these stem cells in other vertebrates. Therefore, we carried out studies to characterize frog cornea epithelium. Careful examination shows that the Xenopus larval cornea epithelium consists of three distinct layers that include an outer epithelial layer and underlying basal epithelium, in addition to a deeper fibrous layer that contains the main sensory nerve trunks that give rise to numerous branches that extend into these epithelia. These nerves convey sensory and presumably also autonomic innervation to those tissues. The sensory nerves are all derived as branches of the trigeminal nerve/ganglion similar to the situation encountered in mammals, though there appear to be some potentially interesting differences, which are detailed in this paper. We show further that numerous pluripotency genes are expressed by cells in the cornea epithelium, including: sox2, p63, various oct4 homologs, c-myc, klf4 and many others. Antibody localization revealed that p63, a well known mammalian epithelial stem cell marker, was localized strictly to all cells in the basal cornea epithelium. c-myc, was visualized in a smaller subset of basal epithelial cells and adjacent stromal tissue predominately at the periphery of the cornea (limbal zone). Finally, sox2 protein was found to be present throughout all cells of both the outer and basal epithelia, but was much more intensely expressed in a distinct subset of cells that appeared to be either multinucleate or possessed multi-lobed nuclei that are normally located at the periphery of the cornea. Using a thymidine analog (EdU), we were able to label mitotically active cells, which revealed that cell proliferation takes place throughout the cornea epithelium, predominantly in the basal epithelial layer. Species of Xenopus and one other amphibian are unique in their ability to replace a missing lens from cells derived from the basal cornea epithelium. Using EdU we show, as others have previously, that proliferating cells within the cornea epithelium do contribute to the formation of these regenerated lenses. Furthermore, using qPCR we determined that representatives of various pluripotency genes (i.e., sox2, p63 and oct60) are upregulated early during the process of lens regeneration. Antibody labeling showed that the number of sox2 expressing cells increased dramatically within 4 hours following lens removal and these cells were scattered throughout the basal layer of the cornea epithelium. Historically, the process of lens regeneration in Xenopus had been described as one involving transdifferentiation of cornea epithelial cells (i.e., o...

show abstract

“…2004). Thrombin activation may also be critical for the recruitment of macrophages to the margin, possibly by generation of chemotactic factors; this is a cellular response to lentectomy which has long been recognized (Reyer, 1990a,b; T. Yamada 1972).…”

Section: Immune Mechanisms and Regeneration In The Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration, tissue injury and the immune response

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The involvement of the immune system in the response to tissue injury has raised the possibility that it might influence tissue, organ or appendage regeneration following injury. One hypothesis that has been discussed is that inflammatory aspects may preclude the occurrence of regeneration, but there is also evidence for more positive roles of immune components. The vertebrate eye is an immunoprivileged site where inflammatory aspects are inhibited by several immunomodulatory mechanisms. In various newt species the ocular tissues such as the lens are regenerative and it has recently been shown that the response to local injury of the lens involves activation of antigen-presenting cells which traffic to the spleen and return to displace and engulf the lens, thereby inducing regeneration from the dorsal iris. The activation of thrombin from prothrombin in the dorsal iris is one aspect of the injury response that is important in the initiation of regeneration. The possible relationships between the immune response and the regenerative response are considered with respect to phylogenetic variation of regeneration in general, and lens regeneration in particular.

show abstract

Macrophage invasion and phagocytic activity during lens regeneration from the iris epithelium in newts

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Amphibia Kupffer cells

Amphibia Kupffer cells

Expression of pluripotency factors in larval epithelia of the frog Xenopus: Evidence for the presence of cornea epithelial stem cells

Regeneration, tissue injury and the immune response

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About