Macrophage inflammatory protein‐related protein‐2, a novel CC chemokine, can regulate preadipocyte migration and adipocyte differentiation

Kim, Chu-Sook; Kawada, Teruo; Yoo, Hah Young; Kwon, Byoung Soo; Yu, Rina

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00728-2

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Periosteum is composed of two layers populated by myofibroblasts and in literature it was demonstrated that in vitro myofibroblasts can develop into adipocytes when differentiation triggers change (23,24). Moreover, Kim verified two important facts: adipocytes have inflammatory chemokine receptors and they can migrate following the chemokine gradients (25). These results seem to confirm the hypothesis that PTL is caused by an inflammatory condition, which causes a change of the differentiation environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Case key about pseudolipomas pathogenesis

Gualdi¹

2014

CDERM

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SummaryIn soft tissues the most common benign tumor is lipoma and has an incidence of 1%. It affects the entire body and both males and female are equally affected, especially in obese patients (1). This neoplastic lesion develops on the fat mesenchimal cells. Predominantly located in the subcutaneous tissue layer, lipomas are rarely present in intermuscular, subfascial, retroperitoneal, mediastinal, gastrointestinal or intraneural areas (2). There are sometimes multiple lipomas, usually painless, asymptomatic, and grow slowly and expand without infiltrating neighboring structures. Pains can occur only when the lesion compresses the nerves causing irritation. When lipomas are located between the skin and the deep fascia, the classical aspect includes a soft, fluctuant feel, lobulation and non adherent of overlying skin. Lipomas are easily removed surgically because they are well demarcated, disc shaped, round or ovoid, lobulated, yellow masses with a doughty consistency (3). Among lipomas literature shows that some of that is different because are not constituted by a surrounding capsule on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histologically less defined as lipomas (4). The first who suggested a relation between traumatic events and development of benign adipose tumors was Adair in 1932. In contrast to lipomas, pseudolipomas are usually encountered with a strong predominance in female patients (12:1). They are often localized at the lower extremity, and in trochanteric and gluteal regions, so pseudolipomas can be defined as a simple adipose tissue in an abnormal location subjected to a trauma (5, 6). Althought this topic are one of the most discussed, the etiology remained unknown, so in literature there are only hypothesis. However, the first description of PTL pathogenetic mechanism was proposed by Brooke and Mc Gregor: they assumed that soft tissue trauma lead to a prolapse of adipose tissue through Scarpa's fascia, and finally to pseudolipoma. Most of the information about the topic comes to us from the exposition of case reports asserting three different pathogenetic hypothesis: mechanical, endocrinological and inflammatory. Our case report confirms the inflammatory one.KEY WORDS: pseudolipoma; post traumatic lipoma; inflammatory theory; squamocellular carcinoma; scalp tumor. MethodsIn December 2010 a 68-year-old male treated for chronic lymphatic leukemia was submitted to a surgical removal of the ulcerated nodular lesion (4x2 cm) in the front-parietal area. The histological exam confirmed the presence of a squamous cell carcinoma poorly differentiated with both lateral and deep borders free of neoplastic remaining (Figure 1). This surgical operation didn't remove the aponeurotic galea. However, for the second time, one year later the patient went to our dermatological and surgical department with a bulky recurrence on the first removal scar (Figure 2). The patient was re-operated in order to remove this neoplastic lesion and in addition, this time, also the aponeurotic galea was removed. In the galea was ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Case key about pseudolipomas pathogenesis

Gualdi¹

2014

CDERM

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“…To test this possibility, we compared by Northern blot analysis the expression of key adipocyte regulators, including Ppar␥, leptin, Srebp1, and Mrp2, in GON and SC fat pads of Mmp19 Ϫ/Ϫ and wild-type mice kept on a high-fat diet. Despite the fact that these genes have been shown to be involved in various steps of adipogenesis (17,23,33), we were unable to detect any significant differences in their expression levels in Mmp19 Ϫ/Ϫ mice (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Diet-Induced Obesity and Reduced Skin Cancer Susceptibility in Matrix Metalloproteinase 19-Deficient Mice

Pendás

Folgueras

Llano

et al. 2004

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP-19) is a member of the MMP family of endopeptidases that, in contrast to most MMPs, is widely expressed in human tissues under normal quiescent conditions. MMP-19 has been found to be associated with ovulation and angiogenic processes and is deregulated in diverse pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. To gain further insights into the in vivo functions of this protease, we have generated mutant mice deficient in Mmp19. These mice are viable and fertile and do not display any obvious abnormalities. However, Mmp19-null mice develop a diet-induced obesity due to adipocyte hypertrophy and exhibit decreased susceptibility to skin tumors induced by chemical carcinogens. Based on these results, we suggest that this enzyme plays an in vivo role in some of the tissue remodeling events associated with adipogenesis, as well as in pathological processes such as tumor progression.

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“…This data suggests that the increased extent of adipogenesis was not only a function of direct differentiation of human adipose progenitors, but that the exogenous cell sources also promoted increased migration and/or adipogenic differentiation of host preadipocytes within the scaffolds. Although the exact mechanisms of how the exogenous cells influenced host adipogenesis are unknown, previous studies have demonstrated the ability of adipocytes to secrete various paracrine factors which can positively influence both the migration and differentiation of preadipocytes [34,35]. Therefore, these mechanisms may also be involved in our system, however further experimentation is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Engineering adipose-like tissue in vitro and in vivo utilizing human bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds

et al. 2007

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Biomaterials derived from silk fibrion prepared by aqueous (AB) and organic (HFIP) solvent based processes, along with collagen (COL) and poly-lactic acid (PLA) based scaffolds were studied in vitro and in vivo for their utility in adipose tissue engineering strategies. For in vitro studies, human bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs and hASCs) were seeded on the various biomaterials and cultured for 21 days in the presence of adipogenic stimulants (AD) or maintained as noninduced controls. Alamar Blue analysis revealed each biomaterial supported initial attachment of hMSCs and hASCs to similar levels for all matrices except COL in which higher levels were observed. hASCs and hMSCs cultured on all biomaterials in the presence of AD showed significant upregulation of adipogenic mRNA transcript levels (LPL, GLUT4, FABP4, PPARγ, adipsin, ACS) to similar extents when compared to noninduced controls. Similarly Oil-Red O analysis of hASC or hMSC-seeded scaffolds displayed substantial amounts of lipid accumulating adipocytes following cultivation with AD. The data revealed AB and HFIP scaffolds supported similar extents of lipid accumulating cells while PLA and COL scaffolds qualitatively displayed lower and higher extents by comparison, respectively. Following a 4 week implantation period in a rat muscle pouch defect model, both AB and HFIP scaffolds supported in vivo adipogenesis either alone or seeded with hASCs or hMSCs as assessed by Oil-Red O analysis, however the presence of exogenous cell sources substantially increased the extent and frequency of adipogenesis observed. In contrast, COL and PLA scaffolds underwent rapid scaffold degradation and were irretrievable following the implantation period. The results suggest that macroporous 3D AB and HFIP silk fibroin scaffolds offer an important platform for cell-based adipose tissue engineering applications, and in particular, provide longer-term structural integrity to promote the maintenance of soft tissue in vivo.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein‐related protein‐2, a novel CC chemokine, can regulate preadipocyte migration and adipocyte differentiation

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Case key about pseudolipomas pathogenesis

Case key about pseudolipomas pathogenesis

Diet-Induced Obesity and Reduced Skin Cancer Susceptibility in Matrix Metalloproteinase 19-Deficient Mice

Engineering adipose-like tissue in vitro and in vivo utilizing human bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds

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