Macrophage HIV-1 infection in duodenal tissue of patients on long term HAART

Zalar, Alberto; Figueroa, María Inés; Ruibal-Ares, B; Baré, Patricia; Cahn, Pedro; Bracco, María de E. de M.; Belmonte, Liliana

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.05.005

Cited by 88 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Many studies have documented that the gut HIV reservoir may be the source for new HIV infection in circulating immune cells, leading to viral rebound and treatment failure in long-term-treated subjects (43)(44)(45). Although several factors may contribute to the formation of the viral reservoir in the GALT, subtherapeutic concentrations of ARVs in the intestinal tissue and the potential for emergence of drug resistance may play a role in the observed local HIV replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Alters Intestinal Expression of Drug Transporters and Metabolic Enzymes: Implications for Antiretroviral Drug Disposition

Kis

Sankaran-Walters

Hoque

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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؉ ART-naive group than in uninfected subjects. qPCR analysis confirmed significantly lower expression of ABCC2/MRP2 in ART-naive subjects than in the control group, while CYP3A4 and ABCG2/BCRP showed a trend toward decreased expression. Protein expression of MRP2 and BCRP was also significantly lower in the HIV ؉ naive group than in the control group and was partially restored to baseline levels in HIV ؉ subjects receiving ART. In contrast, gene and protein expression of ABCB1/Pgp was significantly increased in HIV ؉ subjects on ART relative to HIV ؉ ART-naive subjects. These data demonstrate that the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters is significantly altered in therapy-naive HIV ؉ subjects and in those receiving ART. Since CYP3A4, Pgp, MRPs, and BCRP metabolize or transport many antiretroviral drugs, their altered expression with HIV infection may negatively impact drug pharmacokinetics in HIV ؉ subjects. This has clinical implications when using data from healthy volunteers to guide ART.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Alters Intestinal Expression of Drug Transporters and Metabolic Enzymes: Implications for Antiretroviral Drug Disposition

Kis

Sankaran-Walters

Hoque

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Myeloid cells have been proposed as a possible HIV-1 reservoir in patients on suppressive therapy (35)(36)(37). We sorted myeloid cells from both peripheral blood and GALT from the eight patients in this study.…”

Section: T-cell Receptors Found In Myeloid Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIV-1 reservoir in eight patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy is stable with few genetic changes over time

Josefsson

Stockenström

Faria

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

296

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Significance Identifying the source and dynamics of persistent HIV-1 during combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) is crucial for understanding the barriers to curing HIV infection. Through genetic characterization of HIV-1 DNA in infected cells from peripheral blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue from patients after long-term suppressive cART, our study reveals that the primary barrier to a cure is a remarkably stable pool of infected memory CD4 + T cells. Through in-depth phylogenetic analyses, we determined that the HIV-1 reservoir in these cells from eight patients is kept stable during long-term cART and, with little evidence of viral replication, this population could be maintained by homeostatic cell proliferation or other processes.

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“…uman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected macrophages are found in infected patients (1) in antiretroviral sanctuaries and contain lower intracellular antiretroviral drug concentrations than CD4 ϩ T cells (2). Long-lived HIV-1-infected macrophages resist viral cytopathic effects and shelter replicationcompetent virions in surface-accessible (3)(4)(5)(6), but antibody-occluding (7,8), virus-containing compartments (VCCs) (6) for several weeks (9), which strongly implicates macrophages in HIV-1 persistence (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Multiplicity HIV-1 Infection and Neutralizing Antibody Evasion Mediated by the Macrophage-T Cell Virological Synapse

Duncan

Williams

Schiffner

et al. 2014

J Virol

100

113

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Macrophage HIV-1 infection in duodenal tissue of patients on long term HAART

Cited by 88 publications

References 37 publications

HIV-1 Alters Intestinal Expression of Drug Transporters and Metabolic Enzymes: Implications for Antiretroviral Drug Disposition

HIV-1 Alters Intestinal Expression of Drug Transporters and Metabolic Enzymes: Implications for Antiretroviral Drug Disposition

The HIV-1 reservoir in eight patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy is stable with few genetic changes over time

High-Multiplicity HIV-1 Infection and Neutralizing Antibody Evasion Mediated by the Macrophage-T Cell Virological Synapse

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