Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) induces pro-inflammatory gene expression and enhances antimicrobial responses of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) macrophages

Effects of praziquantel and sanguinarine on expression of immune genes and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Dactylogyrus intermedius

“…Although the specific mechanisms has yet to be determined, we inferred that D. intermedius mainly infected on the gills of fish was one of the most probable reason. CCL-1 was also observed increment in goldfish when infected with Trypanosom acarassii [30,42]. Until now little is currently known about the specific function of CCL-1 in fish under external chemical conditions, the present study suggested that CCL-1 could be influenced by anthelmintic drugs, such as praziquantel and sanguinarine, and therefore may act as a potential therapeutic target.…”

The cytokine networks of adaptive immunity in fish

“…The up-regulation of phagocyte p35 expression is significantly higher after stimulation with rIFN-g and LPS relative to LPS alone [42]. Goldfish p35 expression in macrophages is also up-regulated by rIFN-g [34] and rMCSF [52].…”

“…Interestingly, viral infection with SVCV only increased the expression of carp p40b [51]. In contrast, parasitic infection with Q3 T. carrassii shows increased expression of carp p40c in head kidney [52]. Whether this means that p35 together with p40c drive Th17 type responses in fish, relative to p35 together with p40b driving Th1 type responses remains to be investigated, but is an intriguing hypothesis based upon the expression data derived from these different disease models.…”

Evolutionary Aspects of Macrophages Polarization

“…In support of the conserved function of CSF-1R, adult X. laevis bone marrow cells have been shown to respond to X. laevis recombinant CSF-1 and differentiate into primarily large mononuclear cells with characteristic macrophage morphology (Grayfer and Robert 2013). Similarly, bony fish CSF-1 is a strong inducer of macrophage growth and differentiation (Grayfer et al 2009; Hanington and Belosevic 2007). Interestingly, the interleukin-34 (IL-34) cytokine, which is found across evolutionary distant species also binds to and activates CSF-1R in mammals resulting in the initiation of distinct biological activity and signal activation (Chihara et al 2010; Liu et al 2012; Wei et al 2010).…”