Macronutrient malabsorption in acute diarrhea: Prevalence and affecting factors

Abstract

Introduction Diarrhea remains a major problem for communityhealth in Indonesia. More than 25% of children with severe diar-rhea suffer from malabsorption syndrome.Objectives This study aimed to determine the age range of chil-dren with acute diarrhea, the prevalence of macronutrient malab-sorption, and the relationship between age and bacterial infec-tion in macronutrient malabsorption.Methods This was a cross-sectional study, subjects were chil-dren aged 0-59 months with acute diarrhea whose stools wereobtained and examined in the laboratory of GastrohepatologyDivision, Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospi-tal, Jakarta from January 2002 to December 2003.Results Children with acute diarrhea were mostly in the agerange of 0-11 months (61%). The prevalence of lactose malab-sorption was 11%, carbohydrate malabsorption was 19%, andfat malabsorption was 51%. Moreover, the age group of 0-11months had a 1.5 times greater possibility of lactose and fatmalabsorption compared to that of 12-59 months. The 12-59 monthsage group had a greater possibility of suffering carbohydratemaldigestion (70%). The group of children who did not sufferfrom bacterial infection had a higher prevalence of lactose mal-absorption (54%), carbohydrate maldigestion (65%), and fatmalabsorption (58%).Conclusions Acute diarrhea occurred more frequently in theage of 0-11 months. There was a significant correlation betweenthe age groups of 0-11 months and 12-59 months in experiencingmacronutrient malabsorption. Lactose malabsorption, carbohy-drate maldigestion, and fat malabsorption were encountered morefrequently in the group that did not have bacterial infection

Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea in Indonesia: A Laboratory-based Report

“…Bacterial infection was considered positive if the stool leucocyte count was higher than +2 or 10-20 leucocytes per high magnification field. 3 Meanwhile, the diagnosis of fungal infection was noted in samples with positive appearance of fungal. Food maldigestion was indicated by the presence of meat or vegetable fibers in the stool, while carbohydrate maldigestion was considered positive in the existence of amylum.…”

“…Food maldigestion was indicated by the presence of meat or vegetable fibers in the stool, while carbohydrate maldigestion was considered positive in the existence of amylum. 3,5 The presence of the protein molecule indicated protein maldigestion. 5 Furthermore, the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption was established in samples with fecal pH less than 6, or if the fecal reducing substance results read as 0, trace (1/4% glucose), + (1/2% glucose), ++ (3/4% glucose), +++ (1% glucose), and ++++ (2% glucose).…”

“…6,7 Fat malabsorption was confirmed if the amount of fat exhibited positive 2 (++) in the microscopic examination. 3 Lastly, cow's milk allergies were suspected in patients with erythrocyte counts in stool > 5. The data collected were then quantified using SPSS version 21.…”

“…In addition, previous study found that the prevalence of cow's milk allergy in patients with diarrhea in Indonesia was 3%. 3,4 The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and laboratory findings of pediatric patients based on their stool analysis profile treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.…”

Hubungan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dengan Riwayat Sakit Bayi 0–6 bulan di Indonesia (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2013)

“…ASI mengandung antibodi, hormon, faktor-faktor pertumbuhan, enzim, serta zat yang dapat membunuh bakteri dan virus. 6 Selain itu, ASI mengandung bermacammacam zat anti infeksi baik yang seluler maupun yang humoral, sehingga mortalitas dan morbiditas neonatus yang minum ASI lebih rendah daripada yang minum susu formula. 7 Rekomendasi United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) bersama World Health Assembly (WHA) menetapkan jangka waktu pemberian ASI eksklusif selama enam bulan.…”