Macronutrient Contents and Yield of Cocoa Resulting from Two Different Rejuvenation Techniques

Abstract

Cocoa (<em>Theobroma cacao </em>L.) is one of Indonesia’s leading and important export commodities. The cocoa plant rejuvenation techniques aim to increase cocoa production and quality. Ring budding and side grafting can rejuvenate old and unproductive cocoa plants. Therefore, this research was conducted with objectives: 1) to record macronutrient contents, yield components and yields of three cocoa clones, KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71, rejuvenated with ring budding and side grafting, 2) to determine the best techniques in rejuvenation program for old cocoa stand based on nutrient contents, yield components, and yields indicators of three cocoa clones. This research was carried out from November 2020 to January 2021 at Cocoa Plantation, North Segayung Production Unit, Pagilaran Company. The results showed that ring-budded plants had the highest N nutrients content in leaves, stem organic-C production capacity, pods number per stand per year, dry weight bean per stand per year and dry weight bean per hectare per year, which was significantly better than side grafted plants. The macronutrient of total parts (leaves, stem, and root) trend was leaves > stem > root. The trend of macronutrients in cocoa were organic-C > N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Based on the macronutrient content of cocoa tissue, KKM 22 have a higher content of organic-C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg compared to RCC 71 and RCC 70. The budding ring technique was the best in the rejuvenation program for old cocoa stands based on nutrient contents, yield components, and yield indicators of three cocoa clones.

The distribution of soil fertility index and its interaction with earthworms density under organic, semi-organic, and inorganic rice fields

“…It is because organic fertilizers contain more nutrients and there is an increase in better soil physicochemical conditions, such as enhancing CEC, availability of nutrients for plants, and soil health. According to Akhmad et al (2018), Meilani et al (2023), andWisnubroto et al (2021) the availability of macronutrients such as high N and P in the soil can enhance soil fertility and affect the high productivity of plants.…”

Total Carbon Sequestration on Soil and Plant Biomass Under Different Farming Systems of Organic, Semi-Organic and Conventional Rice Fields

“…Conventional cultivation systems encourage soil erosion and degradation, thereby accelerating the loss of soil organic C in the top layer so that soil fertility decreases [52]. Applying a single inorganic fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, can reduce the soil C/N ratio [53], increase microbial activity and accelerate the decomposition process [54], thereby increasing the amount of carbon lost due to decomposition [2].…”

Evaluation of Aggregate Stability Using the Slaking Index Method with Soil Physical Approach in Keduang Sub-Watershed, Indonesia

“…Organic C is one of the fundamental parameters in sustainable agriculture (Alaboz et al, 2022;Rahayu et al, 2024;Romadhon et al, 2024) and plays a role in nutrient availability, improving soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties (Farrasati et al, 2019;Meilani et al, 2023;Smith et al, 2013). The results of organic C analysis show that organic C at the research location is in the very low to medium category (Center for Research and Development of Agricultural Land Resources, 2009).…”