Macronutrient Balance Modulates the Temperature-Size Rule in an Ectotherm

Lee, Kwang Pum; Jang, Taejin; Ravzanaadii, Nergui; Rho, Myung Suk

doi:10.1086/682072

Cited by 55 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…On the diets that produced the poorest trait outcomes, higher temperatures made these outcomes even worse. A similar interaction between temperature and diet was found in the caterpillar S. litura (Lee et al, ) which underwent a more acute decrease in size with carbohydrate‐rich food (1:5 P:C) when this diet was paired with higher temperatures, consistent with the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Interacting with change: Diet mediates how larvae respond to their thermal environment

2019

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Temperature and nutrition are amongst the most common environmental challenges faced by organisms and will become increasingly so with ongoing climate change. While we have learnt a great deal about how temperature and nutrition affect life‐history traits on their own, we know very little about their combined effect on animal performance. Given that animals in the wild are likely to experience changes in both their thermal and nutritional conditions, we need to understand how interactions between these conditions shape an animal's response if we hope to mitigate the effects of environmental change. In the present research, we investigated the combined effects of nutrition and temperature on key life‐history traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Using nutritional geometry, developing larvae were exposed to a range of diets varying in their protein and carbohydrate content and to one of two developmental temperature regimes (25°C and 28°C). We then examined key life‐history traits: development time, viability, and two estimates of body size—wing and femur size. We found that developmental temperature significantly changed the response to nutrition for all traits. Increased temperature led to more restricted trait optima for all traits and exacerbated the negative effects of carbohydrate‐rich diets, resulting in harsher trade‐offs between life‐history traits. For example, at 25°C there were more diets that led to high viability, fast development and large body size than at 28°C. However, for the diets that produced the best outcomes for each trait, temperature had less of an effect. These findings highlight the importance of studying the effects of combined stressors when assessing animals' responses to changing environmental conditions. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Interacting with change: Diet mediates how larvae respond to their thermal environment

2019

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“…Previous studies have shown that metabolic rates increase faster than consumption rates in many ectotherms with a temperature rise (Kingsolver & Woods, 1997) which may lead to mismatch between consumption and digestion in ectotherms (Lemoine & Burkepile, 2012). One potential strategy to reduce the mismatch is to consume a diet with more carbohydrates which can be easily utilized for energy (Lee et al, 2015). This would imply selection for a more carbon-based diet with increasing temperatures and, hence, more plants and less meat for omnivorous ectotherms (Boersma et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrobiologia ( 2018) 812:147-155 151 carbohydrates at higher temperatures (Lee et al, 2015), whereas omnivorous fish consume proportionally more plant material with increasing temperatures (Prejs, 1984;Behrens & Lafferty, 2007Gonzá-lez-Bergonzoni et al, 2015). Similarly, the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana Smith, 1873, collected in a cold-temperate environment, consumed more low organic and protein content seaweeds at higher temperatures (Sotka & Giddens, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on herbivory by the omnivorous ectotherm snail Lymnaea stagnalis

et al. 2016

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Rising temperatures likely affect the trophic interactions in temperate regions as global warming progresses. An open question is how a temperature rise may affect consumer pressure and plant abundance in shallow aquatic ecosystems, where most consumers are omnivorous. Interestingly, herbivory (plant-eating) is more prevalent toward low latitudes in ectotherms such as fish and aquatic invertebrates, and this may be temperature driven. We used pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis L.) as a model aquatic ectotherm species and tested their consumption of both animal prey (Gammarus pulex L.) and plant material (Potamogeton lucens L.) at three different temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C). Higher temperatures led to higher consumption rates by the omnivore on both plant food and animal prey when fed separately. When the food was offered simultaneously, the pond snails consistently preferred animal prey over plant material at all tested temperatures. However, the omnivore did consume plant material even though they had enough animal prey available to them. Based on our experiments, we conclude that with increasing temperatures, L. stagnalis will only increase their consumption rates but not change food preference. Further studies are needed to test the generality of our findings across aquatic species to predict the effect of warming on aquatic plant consumption.

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“…Other studies have shown that omnivorous invertebrates increase the relative intake of plant over animal tissue at higher temperatures (Boersma et al., ; Carreira, Segurado, Laurila, & Rebelo, ; Carreira et al., ; Malzahn, Doerfler, & Boersma, ), presumably to obtain extra carbon to meet the increased metabolic costs for ectotherms at higher temperatures (Boersma et al., ). Studies using chemically defined diets specifically showed that mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor L.) (Rho & Lee, ) and Spodoptera litura caterpillars (Lee, Jang, Ravzanaadii, & Rho, ) increased their preference for carbohydrate relative to protein at higher temperatures. In contrast, rats kept in cold environments increased their absolute and proportional intake of carbohydrates relative to protein compared with warm environments (Simpson & Raubenheimer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient‐specific compensation for seasonal cold stress in a free‐ranging temperate colobine monkey

et al. 2018

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Homeostatic responses of animals to environmentally induced changes in nutrient requirements provide a powerful basis for predictive ecological models, and yet, such responses are virtually unstudied in the wild. We tested for macronutrient‐specific compensatory feeding responses by free‐ranging golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) inhabiting high altitude temperate forests, where they experience a substantial difference in ambient temperature in cold winters vs. warmer springs. The monkeys had free access to natural foods throughout the year, and to ensure that any seasonal differences in nutrient intake were due to homeostatic compensation and not constraints on food availability, we studied the monkeys during periods in which they were provisioned with the same amount of supplementary foods in winter and spring. Thermoregulatory energy costs in winter and spring were calculated using partitional calorimetric estimations of convective and radiative heat loss obtained from thermal imaging of free‐ranging monkeys in situ. Daily nutrient intakes were measured using continuous focal follows (average 6.9 hr/day) of free‐ranging individuals (27 days in spring and 28 days in winter). We used a nutritional geometry framework to integrate these data and test three predictions: (a) In order to remain thermoneutral (balance heat loss with heat expenditure), golden snub‐nosed monkeys increase daily energy consumption during the winter compared to spring; (b) this increase is achieved specifically by increasing intake of the primary energetic nutrients, carbohydrate and lipid, relative to protein; and (c) the seasonal increase in ingested fat and carbohydrate calories will quantitatively match the additional thermoregulatory costs in winter compared with spring. Our results showed that daily metabolisable energy intake in winter (721.5 kJ/mbm) was 1.8 times that in spring (399 kJ/mbm). As predicted, this difference was specific to fat and carbohydrate, whereas seasonal protein intake did not differ significantly. Winter consumption of fat and carbohydrate was 326 kJ/mbm per day greater than in spring, a value that closely matched the seasonal difference in the daily energetic costs of thermoregulation (329 kJ/mbm). This is the first study to test for a match between nutrient‐specific homeostatic compensation and environmentally induced perturbations in nutrient requirements in free‐ranging animals and underpins the potential for the homeostasis framework to provide predictive power to ecological models.

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Macronutrient Balance Modulates the Temperature-Size Rule in an Ectotherm

Cited by 55 publications

References 58 publications

Interacting with change: Diet mediates how larvae respond to their thermal environment

Interacting with change: Diet mediates how larvae respond to their thermal environment

The effect of temperature on herbivory by the omnivorous ectotherm snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Nutrient‐specific compensation for seasonal cold stress in a free‐ranging temperate colobine monkey

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