Macromineral requirements for growing Saanen goat kids

Abstract

Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide which was extensively used in the French West Indies; high levels of CLD can still currently be found in large agricultural areas. As CLD transfers from soil to animals mainly via involuntary ingestion, the consumption of foodstuffs derived from animals raised in contaminated areas may significantly contribute to exposure of humans to CLD. The present study was designed to test the efficacy of two different activated carbons (ACs) sources in limiting CLD transfer from soil to animal. Three soils (ASs) were prepared according to the OECD guideline 207. One standard soil (SS) lacking AC, and two modified preparations of SS supplemented with 2% coconut-based activated carbon (ORBO), SSO or with 2% lignite-based one (DARCO), SSD. All three soils were spiked with 10 μg of kepone per g of dry matter and aged for three weeks. This study involved 15 goat kids randomly assigned to the 3 experimental groups (n = 5/ group), which were fed the experimental matrices at an exposure dose of 10 μg CLD per kg of body weight per day. After 21 d of oral exposure, CLD in adipose tissue and liver were analysed by LC-MS-MS. A significant decrease of 63.7% and 74.7% of CLD concentrations in adipose tissue and liver, respectively, were obtained from animals exposed using SS containing DARCO as compared to those receiving only SS. Decreases in CLD levels of 98.2% (adipose tissue) and 98.7% (liver) were obtained for animals exposed using SS containing ORBO. This study leads us to conclude that (i) the presence of AC in CLD-contaminated soil strongly reduces CLD bioavailability, and (ii) the efficacy depends on the nature and characteristics of the AC used.

Net Phosphorus Requirements of Dorper×Thin-tailed Han Crossbred Ram Lambs

“…Similar decrease was also reported in cattle (Cheizzotti et al, 2009) and goats (Gomes et al, 2011), which might have been associated with the decreasing growth rate of the bone with maturity (NRC, 2007). …”

Net mineral requirements for growth of Saanen goat kids in early life are similar among genders

“…Additionally, the increase in the net Ca and P requirements for growth estimated in the current study was similar to the pattern of net requirements reported by Gomes et al. () studying male Saanen kids from 5 to 20 kg of BW. Conversely, the net Na and K requirements for empty body weight gain estimated in the present study were greater than those reported by Gomes et al.…”

“…Conversely, the net Na and K requirements for empty body weight gain estimated in the present study were greater than those reported by Gomes et al. (). These differences may be related to different environmental conditions (Ammerman and Goodrich, ).…”

“…Bone develops first, followed by muscle and fat tissues resulting different nutritional requirements during growth (Owens et al., ; Fernandes et al., ). Thus, it is believed that young animals have greater mineral requirements than those approaching sexual maturity (approximately 35–45 kg BW and at age around 8 months), because the proportion of fat increases and the proportions of water, protein and minerals decrease with age (Gomes et al., ).…”

“…Because females have a greater body fat content (Lawrence et al., ), a dilutive effect on the body's mineral composition can be expected. Previous studies have focused on only one gender without considering the potential differences between males and females, which could affect mineral deposition and net mineral requirements (Araújo et al., ; Gomes et al., ; Fernandes et al., ). Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the net requirements for growth of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) of Saanen goat kids during the initial stages of growth and development, and to analyse the effect of gender on the net requirements for growth of these macrominerals.…”