Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and their associated genotypes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a tertiary level public hospital of Uruguay

Pardo, Lorena; Machado, Virginia; Cuello, Dianna; Aguerrebere, Paula; Seija, Verónica; Braga, Valeria; Varela, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.ram.2019.10.004

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results show lower rates of resistance to these antibiotics in comparison to the official reports of the National Institute of Public Health of Chile (20% v/s 29%, respectively). On the other hand, our results showed higher values than previous reports that included strains isolated in Latin America, among both HA-MRSA (81% for ERY and 74% for CLI) and CA-MRSA [ 9 , 10 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Chile

et al. 2022

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Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLSB) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLSB resistance phenotypes are scarce in both community-(CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility to MLSB was determined for sixty-eight non-repetitive isolates of each HA-(32) and CA-MRSA (36). Detection of SCCmec elements, ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was performed by PCR. The predominant clones were SCCmec I-ST5 (HA-MRSA) and type IVc-ST8 (CA-MRSA). Most of the HA-MRSA isolates (97%) showed resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. Among CA-MRSA isolates, 28% were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin, and 25% to clarithromycin. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and over 97% to rifampicin. The ermA gene was amplified in 88% of HA-MRSA and 17% of CA-MRSA isolates (p < 0.001). The ermC gene was detected in 6% of HA-SARM and none of CA-SARM isolates, whereas the msrA gene was only amplified in 22% of CA-MRSA (p < 0.005). Our results demonstrate the prevalence of the cMLSB resistance phenotype in all HA-MRSA isolates in Chile, with the ermA being the predominant gene identified among these isolates.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Chile

et al. 2022

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“…Another problem that was found was that the most prevalent mechanisms of resistance to this group of antimicrobials in the tested strains were erm genotypes, which confer a higher level of resistance, including clindamycin, which is important for severe soft tissue infections (Tables 2 and 3). These results are in contrast to data from Japan, where iMLS prevailed [27], but are in concordance with other reports from Korea [28], Uruguay [29] and some countries in Europe [30]. Our results agree with data from various studies that the most prevalent macrolide resistance determinants are ermC followed by ermA, and more rarely by ermB alone or in combinations; and that msrA and mefA were either missing or present in an insignificant number of macrolide resistant isolates [13,20,23,26,28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between MLSB resistance and the prevalent virulence genotypes among Bulgarian Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Tsitou

Mitov

Gergova

2021

Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica

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The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics, the mechanisms underlying this resistance and to evaluate their relationship with virulence genes profiles of 435 Bulgarian clinical isolates Staphylococcus aureus. The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (96.09%), followed by resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin (34.02 and 22.76%, respectively). Of the tested clinical strains of S. aureus, 96.09% contained the blaZ gene associated with penicillin resistance and 11.03%, the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance. The most prevalent were the erm genotypes associated with the presence mainly of ermA and ermC genes followed by ermB. The frequency rates of these genes, alone or in combinations were ermA 41.89%, ermB 27.70%, ermC 43.99%. The majority of Bulgarian macrolide resistant S. aureus exhibited cMLS phenotype, in 58.78% (P = 0.0036). The following virulence genotypes were present significantly more often in the macrolide resistant S. aureus isolates among the studied ones: hlg; hlg,seb; hlg,seb,sec; hlg,seb,seh; hlg,sec; hlg,sec,sei; hlg,sec,sei; hlg,sei; hlg,sei,sej; hlg,sej. This survey found correlation between the virulence profiles with a small number of genes and macrolide resistance among Bulgarian clinical S. aureus isolates, in contrast to sensitive strains, which possessed profiles predominantly with multiple genes.

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“…In contrast to the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains, which are more common but also more virulent, the HA-MRSA tend to cause serious infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia and invasive infections in patients who are exposed to the healthcare setting [ 50 , 51 ]. The third category of MRSA is livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA), which is associated with animal contact [ 52 , 53 ]. In staphylococci, resistance caused by target methylation of ribosomes is relatively widespread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the effect of quinupristin-dalphopristin remains active even in methylase-producing staphylococci, testing for streptogramin B would be required to confirm the MLSB phenotype [ 54 ]. The MSSA2 also showed multidrug resistance (MDR), which is not rare worldwide [ 52 , 55 ]. However, none of the tested genes for MLS B resistance was detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Quorum Sensing Molecule Farnesol on Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2023

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The natural bioactive molecule farnesol (FAR) is widely studied mainly for its antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties. In addition, it increases the effectiveness of some antimicrobial substances, which makes it interesting for the development of combined therapy. In the present work, the effect of FAR either alone or in combination with oxacillin (OXA) on mixed biofilms formed by clinically relevant pathogens, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, was studied. S. aureus isolates used for biofilm formation originated from blood cultures and central venous catheters (CVC) were characterized in terms of antimicrobial resistance. The minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) for FAR of 48 h mixed biofilms formed by the C. albicans and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was determined to be 125 μM, and for the mixed biofilms with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was determined to be 250 μM. Treatment of mixed biofilms with OXA (2 mg/mL) showed ≤4% inhibition; however, the combination of OXA (2 mg/mL) and FAR (300 μM) resulted in 80% inhibition of biofilms. In addition, planktonic cells of S. aureus exhibited an increased susceptibility to OXA, cefoxitin and kanamycin in the presence of FAR (150 and 300 μM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed patchy biofilm and lack of candidal hyphae in the samples treated with FAR and FAR/OXA in comparison to control and mixed biofilms treated only with OXA. Intriguingly, in a pilot experiment using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), considerable differences in activity (as indicated by ribosome content) of staphylococcal cells were detected. While the activity rate of the staphylococci in mixed biofilms treated with FAR was high, no FISH-positive signal for staphylococcal cells was found in the biofilm treated with FAR/OXA.

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Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and their associated genotypes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a tertiary level public hospital of Uruguay

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Chile

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Chile

Relationship between MLSB resistance and the prevalent virulence genotypes among Bulgarian Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Effect of Quorum Sensing Molecule Farnesol on Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

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