“…Laveine (1977) also noted a significant change in the macrofloral and palynological record in the middle Asturian Substage, involving the appearance of a number of abundant species of marattialean ferns and medullosalean pteridosperms. Detailed records from South Wales (Cleal, 1978), Saarland (Cleal, 1984a), the Canadian Maritimes (Zodrow & Cleal, 1985), southern England (Cleal, 1986(Cleal, , 1987(Cleal, , 1997 and northern Spain (Wagner & Alvarez-Vázquez, 1991) have since shown that the change in fact occurs in two steps, which has resulted in a three-fold biostratigraphical division of the Asturian Substage (Cleal & Thomas, 1994;Cleal et al 2006). Detailed records from South Wales (Cleal, 1978), Saarland (Cleal, 1984a), the Canadian Maritimes (Zodrow & Cleal, 1985), southern England (Cleal, 1986(Cleal, , 1987(Cleal, , 1997 and northern Spain (Wagner & Alvarez-Vázquez, 1991) have since shown that the change in fact occurs in two steps, which has resulted in a three-fold biostratigraphical division of the Asturian Substage (Cleal & Thomas, 1994;Cleal et al 2006).…”