Macrofauna under sea ice and in the open surface layer of the Lazarev Sea, Southern Ocean

Flores, Hauke; Franeker, Jan-Andries Van; Cisewski, Boris; Leach, Harry; Putte, Anton P. Van de; Meesters, H.W.G.; Bathmann, Ulrich; Wolff, W.J.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.01.010

Cited by 44 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In winter, ranges in both ice coverage and floe size were probably too small to detect a significant correlation with the community structure, because the entire survey area was covered with pack-ice. A significant relationship of solar radiation with the community ordination in summer was probably caused by strong diel variability of a few abundant species in the surface layer, such as Thysanoessa macrura and Clio pyramidata (Flores et al, 2011(Flores et al, , 2012. In autumn and winter, the influence of light intensity on community composition was unlikely to be detected based on the few stations sampled during weak daylight (Table 1).…”

Section: Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Displacement volume and number of individuals were noted for each species. For the purpose of this study, zooplankton o0.5 cm was excluded from analysis in all nets (Flores et al, 2011). A calibrated mechanical impeller flow meter mounted outside the net opening allowed the volume of water passing through the net to be estimated.…”

Section: Surface Layer Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference in community structure can in large parts be attributed to an overwhelming dominance of euphausiids in the surface layer, most likely caused by a close association of Antarctic krill with the underside of sea ice (Flores et al, 2012;Marschall, 1988;. Besides Antarctic krill, several other species are positively or negatively associated with sea ice, which thus acts as a key factor in structuring the surface layer community in the Lazarev Sea (Flores et al, 2011). Similar to the present study, a distinct seasonal change in the community structure of zooplankton has been reported from similar latitudes south of Australia (Hunt and Hosie, 2006), and off the Antarctic Peninsula (Siegel and Piatkowski, 1990).…”

Section: Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For summer and winter, comparisons of day versus night hauls at identical sampling sites for the most abundant species were shown in Flores et al (2011).…”

Section: Seasonal and Diel Variability Of Species In The Surface Versmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies, however, were either limited to one depth stratum (Flores et al, 2011;Hunt et al, 2011), or focused on few taxa (Flores et al, 2012;Kruse et al, 2010b;Meyer et al, 2010;Siegel, 2012). Earlier studies included only one season (Boysen-Ennen and Piatkowski, 1988;Efremenko, 1991;Pakhomov et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution and community structure of Antarctic macrozooplankton and micronekton

Flores

Hunt

Kruse

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tThe macrozooplankton and micronekton community of the Lazarev Sea (Southern Ocean) was investigated at 3 depth layers during austral summer, autumn and winter: (1) the surface layer (0-2 m); (2) the epipelagic layer (0-200 m); and (3) the deep layer (0-3000 m). Altogether, 132 species were identified. Species composition changed with depth from a euphausiid-dominated community in the surface layer, via a siphonophore-dominated community in the epipelagic layer, to a chaetognathdominated community in the deep layer. The surface layer community predominantly changed along gradients of surface water temperature and sea ice parameters, whereas the epipelagic community mainly changed along hydrographical gradients. Although representing only 1% of the depth range of the epipelagic layer, mean per-area macrofauna densities in the surface layer ranged at 8% of corresponding epipelagic densities in summer, 6% in autumn, and 24% in winter. Seasonal shifts of these proportional densities in abundant species indicated different strategies in the use of the surface layer, including both hibernal downward and hibernal upward shift in the vertical distribution, as well as year-round surface layer use by Antarctic krill. These findings imply that the surface layer, especially when it is ice-covered, is an important functional node of the pelagic ecosystem that has been underestimated by conventional depth-integrated sampling in the past. The exposure of this key habitat to climate-driven forces most likely adds to the known susceptibility of Antarctic pelagic ecosystems to temperature rise and changing sea ice conditions.

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Section: Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Layer Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For summer and winter, comparisons of day versus night hauls at identical sampling sites for the most abundant species were shown in Flores et al (2011).…”

Section: Seasonal and Diel Variability Of Species In The Surface Versmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution and community structure of Antarctic macrozooplankton and micronekton

Flores

Hunt

Kruse

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers

Bluhm

Swadling

Gradinger

2016

Sea Ice

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The Census of Antarctic Marine Life: The First Available Baseline for Antarctic Marine Biodiversity

Schiaparelli

Danis²,

Wadley

et al. 2012

From Pole to Pole

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The Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML, www.caml.aq) was a 5-year long international project that focused the attention on the ice-bound oceans of Antarctica during the International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007–08, bringing together\ud researchers from 30 different countries and more than 50 institutions. It was one of the fifteen IPY-endorsed biological projects devoted to Antarctica (Project #83)\ud and coordinated field operations of 18 research voyages in Antarctica during IPY and/or within the CAML life-span.\ud CAML’s main objectives were to study the evolution of life in Antarctic waters to determine how this had influenced the diversity of the present biota and to use these observations to predict how it might respond to future change. CAML was also one of the fourteen projects of the international Census of Marine Life (CoML, www.coml.org) (Gutt et al. 2010), each focusing on specific geographic environments or subject areas, with the aim to understand marine biodiversity and set reference baselines to allow measuring change. CAML’s sister project was the Arctic Ocean Diversity (ArcOD), devoted to the census of Arctic\ud marine biodiversity. Thanks to strong interaction with this project, it is now possible to draw comparisons between differences in ecological structure and dynamics of the Arctic and Southern Oceans (Gradinger et al. 2010; Gutt et al. 2010)

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Macrofauna under sea ice and in the open surface layer of the Lazarev Sea, Southern Ocean

Cited by 44 publications

References 62 publications

Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution and community structure of Antarctic macrozooplankton and micronekton

Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution and community structure of Antarctic macrozooplankton and micronekton

Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers

The Census of Antarctic Marine Life: The First Available Baseline for Antarctic Marine Biodiversity

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