Macroelements in Nutrition of Vegetarians and Vegans (Review)

Galchenko, A.V.; Nazarova, A.M.

doi:10.19112/2413-6174-2019-20-2-3-17

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Often, a decrease in animal-derived food consumption rises potassium and magnesium intake ( 114 , 116–119 ). Among omnivores, magnesium deficiency in Western societies is common ( 8 , 120–122 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density parameters and related nutritional factors in vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores: a cross-sectional study

Galchenko,

Rizzo,

Sidorova

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionThe growing prevalence of vegetarianism determines the need for comprehensive study of the impact of these diets on health and particularly on bone metabolism. We hypothesized that significant dietary differences between vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores also cause significant differences in their nutrient status, which may affect bone health.MethodsThe study assessed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry parameters in lumbar spine and femoral neck, average nutrient intake, serum nutrient concentrations, serum PTH levels, and urinary pH among 46 vegans, 38 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 44 omnivores.ResultsThere were no differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between the groups. However, the parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were still higher in vegans compared to omnivores, despite the same prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in all groups. These findings may probably be explained by the fact that each group had its own “strengths and weaknesses.” Thus, vegans and, to a lesser extent, lacto-ovo-vegetarians consumed much more potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese, and vitamins B6, B9, and C. At the same time, the diet of omnivores contained more protein and vitamins D and B12. All the subjects consumed less vitamin D than recommended. More than half of vegans and omnivores had insufficiency or even deficiency of vitamin D in the blood. Low serum concentrations of manganese with its quite adequate intake are also noteworthy: its deficiency was observed in 57% of vegans, 79% of lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 63% of omnivores.DiscussionCurrently, it is no longer possible to conclude that lacto-ovo-vegetarians have lower BMD than omnivores, as our research supported. Vegans in our study also did not demonstrate lower BMD values, only higher PTH blood concentrations, compared to omnivores, however, a large number of studies, including recent, show the opposite view. In this regard, further large-scale research is required. Vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians now have a variety of foods fortified with vitamins D and B12, as well as calcium. There is also a great diversity of ethically sourced dietary supplements. The found low concentrations of manganese require further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density parameters and related nutritional factors in vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores: a cross-sectional study

Galchenko,

Rizzo,

Sidorova

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…Sa druge strane, nedostatak vitamina D značajno smanjuje apsorpciju kalcijuma, zbog čega vegani najverovatnije imaju manjak kalcijuma 113 . Štaviše, biljni derivati često sadrže fitinsku i oksalnu kiselinu, što sprečava apsorpciju kalcijuma, magnezijuma, cinka i drugih metala 37,114,115 Nasuprot tome, vegetarijanci imaju tendenciju da konzumiraju velike količine visokodostupnog kalcijuma 116 i malo više vitamina D od vegana 117 . Vegetarijanci i vegani takođe su podložniji i nedostataku selena 118,119 .…”

Section: Vegetarians and Vegansunclassified

“…Vitamin D deficiency, on the other hand, significantly reduces calcium absorption, that's why vegans are likely to be calcium deficient 113 . Moreover, plant derivatives often contain phytic and oxalic acids, which impedes the absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and other metals 37,114,115 . In contrast, vegetarians tend to consume large amounts of highly available calcium 116 , and a little more of vitamin D than vegans 117 .…”

Section: Vegetarians and Vegansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of micronutrients in the oral cavity

Ranjit¹,

Takalloabdal²,

Galchenko³

2021

Acta stomatologica Naissi

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Introduction: Micronutrients play a potent role in the functioning of the different systems of the organism. It is necessary to sustain an adequate status of the micronutrients for maintaining the optimal condition of the oral cavity. The aim: Toemphasize the importance of different micronutrients for the normal functioning of the oral cavity, as well as their influence on the occurrence of various diseases of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Micronutrients such as vitamin C, B9 and E, calcium, zinc, copper and iron have a role in development so as anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties Deficiency of certain micronutrients plays an important role in the development of periodontitis and caries. People with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as well as children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, are usually deficient in these vitamins and therefore often susceptible to the development of inflammatory changes in soft tissues of oral cavity , periodontitis and caries.

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Changes in the content of certain macro- and microelements in the blood of karakul sheep exposed to helminth infestation

Vakhidova,

Daminov,

Muradova

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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Comprehensive studies of livestock, their feeding conditions and maintenance allow us to obtain the data necessary for the development of medical strategies and tactics in the treatment of sick animals and the prevention of endemic diseases. Considering that Uzbekistan belongs to a country where Karakul sheep are raised, and the soil is rich in eggs and larvae of geohelminths, the infection rate of lambs in the spring and summer is high. Our research was conducted taking into account the infestation of animals and how many micro- and macronutrients are lost during the disease. Lambs infected with helminths were selected using a latex agglutination reaction with a diagnosticum. With marshallagiosis, nematodyrosis and habertiosis, the content of macro– and microelements in the blood of Karakul sheep decreases (potassium – by 190.5; sodium - 552.5; calcium -9.5; copper – 0.56; zinc – 0.5 and iron - by 74.2 mg/l) especially significantly in the prenatal period of helminth development; in the imaginal period– the content of macronutrients increases, and trace elements remain at a low level. According to the results of the study, the absorption of macro- and microelements depends not only on the balance of the diet in nutrients, mineral salts and vitamins. The effect of macroand microelements on the body is largely complicated by the conditions of animal husbandry. It is necessary to have a medical examination that allows you to control the harvesting, storage and quality of feed, detect diseases in animals, in the subclinical period and timely carry out the necessary medical measures, as well as identify agrotechnical measures to improve the fodder base of the farm.

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Macroelements in Nutrition of Vegetarians and Vegans (Review)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Bone mineral density parameters and related nutritional factors in vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores: a cross-sectional study

Bone mineral density parameters and related nutritional factors in vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores: a cross-sectional study

Importance of micronutrients in the oral cavity

Changes in the content of certain macro- and microelements in the blood of karakul sheep exposed to helminth infestation

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