Macroeconomic Performance and Inequality: Brazil, 1983–94

Bittencourt, Manoel

doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2009.00075.x

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…a point increase in CREDIT would reduce inequality in .45 points per year). On the other hand, P ERSON AL do not play any role in alleviating inequality in this instance, perhaps because of its relative small size, or because personal credit reached only well-endowed individuals and therefore ended up contributing to, in fact, widen inequality at the time 10 . Moreover, the in ‡ation rates present positive and signi…cant e¤ects on inequality, which illustrates the pervasive impact of high rates of in ‡ation on inequality at the time.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Financial development and inequality: Brazil 1985–1994

Bittencourt

2009

Econ Change Restruct

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We examine the impact of …nancial development on earnings inequality in Brazil in the 1980s and …rst half of the 1990s. The evidencebased initially on time-series, and then on the relatively novel panel time-series data and analysis-shows that …nancial development had a signi…cant and robust e¤ect in reducing inequality during the period. We suggest that this is not only because the poorer can invest the acquired credit in either short or long-term productive activities, but also because those with access to …nancial markets can insulate themselves, via a process of …nancial adaptation, against recurrent poor macroeconomic performance, which is exempli…ed in Brazil by high rates of in ‡ation. The main implication of the results is that a deeper and more active …nancial sector alleviates the high inequality seen in Brazil without the need for distortionary taxation.

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Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Financial development and inequality: Brazil 1985–1994

Bittencourt

2009

Econ Change Restruct

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“…5 For instance, Gregorio (1993), Fischer (1993, Barro (1995), Bullard and Keating (1995), Clark (1997), Barro (1998), Bruno andEasterly (1998), andFischer (2005) confirm the fact that high inflation outweighs the Mundell-Tobin effect and therefore presents a detrimental effect to economic growth. Also, Cardoso et al (1995), Barros et al (2000), Ferreira andLitchfield (2001), andBittencourt (2009) report that the high rates of inflation seen in Brazil in the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s were significantly regressive on income inequality. 6 In addition, Choi et al (1996) use national data from different countries, e.g., U.S.,…”

Section: Description Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflation and financial development: Evidence from Brazil

Bittencourt

2011

Economic Modelling

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We examine the impact of inflation on financial development in Brazil, and the data available permit us to cover the period between 1985 and 2004. The results-based initially on time series and then on panel time series and panel data and analyses-suggest that inflation presented deleterious effects on financial development during the period investigated here. The main implication of the results is that poor macroeconomic performance has detrimental effects to financial development, a variable that is important for affecting, (e.g., economic growth and income inequality). Therefore, low and stable inflation, and all that it encompasses, is a necessary first step to achieve a deeper and more active financial sector with all its attached benefits.

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“…In fact, as a result of the race between the complementary effect and the competition effect generated by import penetration, regional differentials in factor endowments, geographical location, institutions, policies, and so on, allow for more possibilities than income convergence (Nolan ; Hu ; Bittencourt ). For simplicity, we illustrate two possible results in detail: the regional income gap becomes wider when the complementary effect outweighs the competition effect in developed areas, while the competition effect plays a dominant role in less developed areas.…”

Section: Import Penetration and Regional Income Inequality In The Litmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Import Penetration on Regional Income Inequality in China: A Global Value Chain Perspective

Wang

Chen

2019

The Developing Economies

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Increasing and persistent regional income inequality contrasts strikingly with the world economy's outstanding performance, especially in China. Constructing direct import penetration and indirect intermediate import exposure indexes within a global value chain framework and evaluating regional disparities with nighttime light data, this analysis uncovers the effect of both direct and indirect import penetration on the regional income gap in China, and delves into potential mechanisms from economic development, industrial structure, and factor mobility. Our findings suggest that the positive effect of indirect import exposure of intermediate inputs lies in minimizing regional income disparities, while the effect of direct import exposure remains obscure. In addition, growing disparities in trade openness and fixed capital investment exacerbate regional inequality, in contrast to the positive role that government intervention plays in narrowing the income gap. These results are expected to hold for other countries at similar stages of development.

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Macroeconomic Performance and Inequality: Brazil, 1983–94

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Financial development and inequality: Brazil 1985–1994

Financial development and inequality: Brazil 1985–1994

Inflation and financial development: Evidence from Brazil

The Impacts of Import Penetration on Regional Income Inequality in China: A Global Value Chain Perspective

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