“…-combined disturbances or shocks, including: oil distress, global stagnation, recessions or revivals, economic and political discordance (even clashes) could affect the orientation of business cycles, -in the case of a similar structure of production of various areas, sectoral shocks may affect shifts of individual phases of business cycles, -international shocks may be shifted from outside (especially small open economies integrated with bigger economies may be particularly vulnerable), which affects the synchronization of business cycles. The most interesting papers in which these surfaces have recently been touched include the paper by, among others: Ahlborn and Wortmann (2018), Gong and Kim (2018), Juvenal and Monteiro (2017), Karadimitropoulou (2018), Li (2017), Lukmanova and Tondl (2017), Miles (2017), Szaruga (2017). The methodological workshop of these researchers is diverse.…”