Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria

Agbatogun, Kehinde Kabir; Sekinat, Opeloyeru Olaide

doi:10.15408/sjie.v9i2.13751

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The GDP per-capita was found to be positively significant, which indicates that a 1% increase in GDP per-capita leads to about a 2.5% increase in the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia. Almost all the relevant literature reviewed in this study reported either a negative relationship [ 18 , 25 ] or no significance [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 13 ]. Except for Kulkarni [ 15 ], whereby a positive, significant relationship was revealed between GDP per-capita and infant mortality rate in an analysis among BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on recent studies [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 25 ], the health capital model, as in Equation (1) is respecified by including the health expenditure (

and other control variables (

), as follows:

…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The out-of-pocket health expenditures,

, refers to health related expenses borne by household or individual. In literature, health spending be it public [ 9 , 12 ], private [ 25 ], or out-of-pocket [ 22 ] is expected to improve child health. As for

, it is used to measure the aggregate income level of a country and is an important control variable in determining the health status of a country.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large and growing body of literature has investigated the effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes, especially in developing countries where the prevalence of health-related challenges is still high. For instance, some recent studies have consistently revealed that public health expenditure significantly reduces the child mortality rate in Nigeria [ 8 , 9 ] and Ghana [ 10 ]. Specifically, in Nigeria [ 8 ], it was found that increases in the urban population decrease infant mortality rates, while per-capita income has no significance.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia

et al. 2022

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Health financing in Malaysia is intensely subsidised by public funding and is increasingly sourced by household out-of-pocket financing, yet the under-five mortality rate has been gradually increasing in the last decade. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between public, private, and out-of-pocket health expenditures and the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique, whereby critical test values are recalculated using the response surface method for a time-series data of 22 years. The findings reveal that out-of-pocket health expenditure deteriorates the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia, while public and private health expenditures are statistically insignificant. Therefore, an effective health financing safety net may be an option to ensure an imperative child health outcome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on recent studies [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 25 ], the health capital model, as in Equation (1) is respecified by including the health expenditure (

and other control variables (

), as follows:

…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The out-of-pocket health expenditures,

, it is used to measure the aggregate income level of a country and is an important control variable in determining the health status of a country.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia

et al. 2022

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“…This increase has almost 1.89% increase on food sub-index which result by the rise in the prices of foods like cereals, bread, meats, rice, yam etc., this increment has Impact of critical macroeconomic drivers made almost everyone in the country to adjust or reduce the number of meals they take in a day and because of this, it is important at this point to determine the impact of this rise in inflation on the mortality rate of the country. Over the years, no significant progress has been made in Nigeria to reduce the increasing rate of mortality in the country, especially under-five mortality and maternal mortality (Agbatogun and Opeloyeru, 2020). The authors explored the macroeconomic variables that cause under-five mortality using secondary data from 1980 to 2017 in Nigeria, the autoregressive distributed lag model was used.…”

Section: Empirical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro-economic variables and mortality rate nexus: focus on Nigeria

Adeosun

Gbadamosi

Odior

2022

REPS

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of critical macroeconomic drivers like economic growth (gross domestic product (GDP)/capita), inflation and population size on the mortality rate of Nigeria. The general lockdown imposed by the government to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had so many effects like loss of jobs, insecurity, businesses collapsing, salary cuts, unemployment and increased prices of commodities in the market.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focused on secondary data for the period 1991–2019 for GDP/capita, inflation, population size and mortality rate which were obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI). Time series analysis tests like augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF), Bounds co-integration and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) were used to determine the stationarity conditions of the variables, co-integration presence among the variables and to determine the short-run and long-run relationships between the endogenous and exogenous variables.FindingsThe study shows that the variables are stationary at different orders i.e. I (0) and I (1) and the presence of co-integration among the variables. There exists a positive relationship between GDP/capita and mortality rate on the short-run which means increase in GDP/capita does not reduce the mortality rate in the country, there is also a positive short-run relationship between inflation and mortality rate but there are no long-run relationships among the variables.Originality/valueThe paper clearly examines the impact of GDP/capita, inflation and population growth on mortality rate in Nigeria.

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Macro-economic determinants, maternal and infant SDG targets in Nigeria: Correlation and predictive modeling

Adegoke

Mbonigaba

George

2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectivesUnambiguously, Nigeria is off-track in achieving the health-related SDGs. Consequentially, this study aligns with SDG 3 which calls for “good health and wellbeing for people by ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages”. This article examines the combined effect of health expenditure and other key macro-economic factors on health indices such as maternal and newborn and child mortality in Nigeria. Contrary to existing literature, we formulated a model that predicts the level of macro-economic determinants needed to achieve the SDG targets for maternal and newborn and child mortality in Nigeria by 2030.MethodologyThe study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), which is usually used for large T models. The study period spans from 1995 to 2020.ResultsWe found a significant negative relationship between health outcomes and macro-economic determinants namely, household consumption, total health expenditure, and gross fixed capital while we determined a significant positive relationship between health outcomes and unemployment. Our findings are further supported by out-of-sample forecast results suggesting a reduction in unemployment to 1.84 percent and an increase in health expenditure, gross fixed capital, household consumption, control of corruption to 1,818.87 billon (naira), 94.46 billion (naira), 3.2 percent, and −4.2 percent respectively to achieve SDG health targets in Nigeria by 2030.Policy implicationThe outcome of this result will give the Nigerian government and stakeholders a deeper understanding of the workings of the macro-economic factors, concerning health performance and will help position Nigeria, and other SSA countries by extension, toward reducing maternal mortality to 70 per 100,000 and newborn and child mortality to 25 per 1,000 births by 2030. The African leaders should consider passing into law the need for improvement in macro-economic factors for better health in Africa. We also recommend that the Nigerian government should steadily increase health expenditure to reach and move beyond the forecast level for improvement in maternal and infant mortality, given the present low and unimpressive funding for the health sector in the country.

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Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia

The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia

Macro-economic variables and mortality rate nexus: focus on Nigeria

Macro-economic determinants, maternal and infant SDG targets in Nigeria: Correlation and predictive modeling

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