Macroalgal assemblages in New Zealand: structure, interactions and demography

Schiel, David R.

doi:10.1007/bf00006227

Cited by 82 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…data). Both the fauna of fishes (Francis 1996, Schiel & Hickford 2001) and the macroalgal flora (Schiel 1990) in more southern regions are distinct from those of more intensively studied regions such as northeastern New Zealand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish−habitat associations in New Zealand: geographical contrasts

Cole¹,

Davey²,

Carbines³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Relationships between fishes and habitat variables were assessed by transect counts and manipulative experiments on subtidal rocky reefs in 3 poorly known regions of New Zealand (eastern Bay of Plenty, western Cook Strait, and eastern Stewart Island). Canonical correspondence analysis successfully described associations between fishes and habitat features. Depth, topographic complexity, and macroalgal canopy cover were most consistently identified as influencing fish abundance. Experimental macroalgal clearances at eastern Bay of Plenty (short term) and western Cook Strait (longer term) indicated that Notolabrus celidotus used areas comprising macroalgal canopy more than cleared areas, whereas Parapercis colias and N. fucicola were more active in cleared areas. Effects of canopy clearance on fish activity were most obvious in summer at Cook Strait. Orthogonal manipulations of canopy and topographic complexity at a distant site (Tasman Bay) produced similar results for 2 species, indicating geographic generality of habitat models for N. celidotus and P. colias. KEY WORDS: Temperate reef fishes · Macroalgae · New Zealand · Experiments · Topographic complexityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish−habitat associations in New Zealand: geographical contrasts

Cole¹,

Davey²,

Carbines³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Temperate reefs in the southern hemisphere lack the strongylocentrotid sea urchins which dominate the most-studied sites in the northern hemisphere (Chapman & Johnson 1990;Foster 1990), and historically the predatory faunas of the hemispheres may have differed considerably (Estes & Steinberg 1988). There have been reviews of Australian (Underwood & Kennelly 1990), South African (Branch & Griffiths 1988), South American (Santelices 1990), and New Zealand (Schiel 1988(Schiel , 1990) seaweed stands. There are, however, few longterm studies of macroalgal forests in the southern hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional expansion ofCarpophyllum flexuosumonto wave‐exposed reefs in north‐eastern New Zealand

Cole

Babcock

Travers

et al. 2001

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The native fucalean macroalga Carpophyllum flexuosum (Esper) Grev. has recently occupied many reefs on wave-exposed coasts in north-eastern New Zealand. At recently colonised sites, C. flexuosum occurs mainly on coralline-dominated areas with moderate densities of sea urchins (Evechinus chloroticus). At these sites, stipes of C. flexuosum are shorter, with more branching, reduced laminae, and increased stipe weights compared to those at sheltered sites. Survivorship of tagged individuals was less on wave-exposed than on sheltered reefs. On sheltered shores, small C. flexuosum suffered moderate mortality, but large individuals suffered little mortality from any source. All individuals transplanted from sheltered to wave-exposed shores died or became moribund as stipes, whereas those which survived transplanting from wave-exposed to sheltered shores assumed a morphology more characteristic of sheltered sites. Population modelling suggested that the existence of stands of C. flexuosum on wave-exposed shores is dependent on regular recruitment, though it is not clear whether populations are maintained by recruitment from within or without. The establishment of C. flexuosum on wave-exposed shores is correlated with decadal scale decreases in wave energy. We predict that the patchiness of recruitment of C. flexuosum in space and time (and the ubiquity and reproductive characteristics of the dominant laminarian Ecklonia radiata) and its susceptibility to wave action will prevent the fucalean from inducing long-term changes of assemblage organisation.

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“…Early studies of the distribution and abundance of adult sea urchin and abalone populations demonstrated strong spatial segregation on spatial scales ranging from individual crevices to larger habitat patches (Lowry and Pearse 1973, Shepherd 1973b, Schiel 1990, Andrew and Underwood 1992. For example, in New Zealand, the large sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus typically occupies deeper depth strata than the blackfoot abalone, Haliotis iris, which tend to aggregate in the shallow, wave-exposed subtidal (Schiel 1990, McShane andNaylor 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently Strain and Johnson (2009) (Strain and Johnson 2013). While clearly the strength and nature of trophic interactions depend strongly on sea urchin-abalone species combinations, a consistent pattern in maintenance of habitat complexity by exclusion of sea urchins is often observed in systems where a strong spatial segregation between species is maintained (Shepherd 1973b, Schiel 1990, Andrew et al 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overthrowing a regime shift: displacement of sea urchins by abalone in a kelp forest ecosystem

2015

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Abstract. Interactions among sea urchin and abalone populations provide an important mechanism for maintaining segregation of habitat use at small spatial scales within kelp forest ecosystems. Here we provide evidence from a long-term study of the sea urchin, Evechinus chloroticus, and the abalone, Haliotis iris, populations in a pristine rocky harbor of Stewart Island, in southern New Zealand. Between 1998 and 2014 we observe declines in density of abalone within fished regions of the Inlet and a coincident increase in density of sea urchins. In these regions, sea urchins progressively invaded the shallow (0-3 m) depth stratum formally occupied by abalone and dense, multi-layered stands of macroalgae. Formation of the Ulva Island Marine Reserve in 2004 released abalone populations from fishing mortality, resulting in population increases within the shallow water depth stratum. Here we observed declines in sea urchin density as the growing abalone population displaced sea urchins from the shallow water habitats. The reestablishment of a depth-stratified distribution of abalone and sea urchins within the kelp forest provides a likely mechanism for maintenance of habitat complexity and evidence for the important role of highdensity abalone populations within kelp forest ecosystems.

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Macroalgal assemblages in New Zealand: structure, interactions and demography

Cited by 82 publications

References 57 publications

Fish−habitat associations in New Zealand: geographical contrasts

Fish−habitat associations in New Zealand: geographical contrasts

Distributional expansion ofCarpophyllum flexuosumonto wave‐exposed reefs in north‐eastern New Zealand

Overthrowing a regime shift: displacement of sea urchins by abalone in a kelp forest ecosystem

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