Macro copper-graphene composites with enhanced electrical conductivity

Kappagantula, Keerti; Smith, Jacob; Nittala, Aditya; Kraft, Frank F.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162477

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there are very few articles reporting a decrease in electrical resistivity of such a composite compared to pure Cu. Keerti S. et al 16 show a 2.7% increase in electrical conductivity of pure Cu with the incorporation of 15 ppm (0.006 vol.%) of graphene, while Mu Cao’s team 17 obtained over 15% increases in electrical conductivity compared to pure Cu. However, the fabrication method employed by the latter is too sophisticated to be viable for industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fabrication and characterization of copper and copper alloys reinforced with graphene

Bident,

Delange,

Labrugere

et al. 2023

Journal of Composite Materials

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The consistent rise in current density within electrical wires leads to progressively more substantial heat losses attributed to the Joule effect. Consequently, mitigating the electrical resistivity of copper wires becomes imperative. To attain this objective, the development of a composite material that incorporates a more conductive reinforcement, like graphene, holds great promise. The conception of a copper/graphene composite using a powder metallurgy-based approach is presented. An optimum graphene quantity of 0.06 vol.% was obtained by calculation in order to limit the phenomenon of overlapping layers. This synthesis technique enables the dispersion of graphene and the meticulous control of the interface through the growth of CuO(Cu) nanoparticles that are tightly bonded to the reinforcement. The increase in the hardness of the various materials with separation of the graphene sheets by ultrasonic treatment (55.3 to 67.6 HV) was obtained. It is an indicator of the correct distribution of the reinforcement. The influence on the electrical properties of dendritic copper (ρe = 2.30 µΩ.cm) remains limited, resulting in a modest reduction in electrical resistance of around 1.4%. Nevertheless, for flake copper (2.71 µΩ.cm) and brass (7.66 µΩ.cm), we achieved a more substantial reduction of 2.7% and 10%, respectively. With the improvement of graphene quality, there exists a greater potential for further enhancing the electrical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fabrication and characterization of copper and copper alloys reinforced with graphene

Bident,

Delange,

Labrugere

et al. 2023

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Graphene has a two-dimensional planar sheet structure composed of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms with each carbon atom, possessing a free electron in the π orbital that can move freely within the lattice. The π-orbital contributes to the formation of a delocalized electron network, meaning that graphene has an extremely high electron mobility of up to 250,000 cm 2 /v·s at room temperature and a low resistivity of 10 –6 Ω·cm. − Graphene also has an ultrahigh specific surface area, remarkable mechanical properties, low density, and excellent chemical stability. These unique properties make graphene an ideal electrically conductive filler when seeking to improve the electrical conductivity of polymer composites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrical Properties and Impact Strength of Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin Using Silanized Graphene and Ionic Liquid

Li,

Lee,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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In this study, to improve the electrical properties and impact strength of phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF-based composites were prepared by mixing graphene and the ionic liquid 3-decyl-bis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium-bromide) (C10[VImBr]2) via hot blending and compression–curing processes. The graphene surface was modified using a silane coupling agent. The synergistic effect of graphene and C10[VImBr]2 on the electrical properties, electromagnetic shielding efficiency, thermal stability, impact strength, and morphology of PF/graphene and PF/graphene/C10[VImBr]2 composites was then investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the composites significantly increased from 2.3 × 10–10 to 4.14 × 10–3 S/m with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, increasing further to 0.145 S/m with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite increased from 4.70 to 28.64 dB with the addition of 15 wt % graphene, while the impact strength of the composites rose significantly from 0.59 to 1.13 kJ/m2 with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, reaching 1.53 kJ/m2 with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. Scanning electron microscopy images of the PF/GNP/C10[VImBr]2 composites revealed a rough morphology with numerous microcracks.

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“…To overcome the current technical limitations, two notable approaches have been considered: 1) conventional metal-metal composites [10][11][12] and 2) emerging carbon and metal composites. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The first approach commonly utilizes an oxidation-resistant layer, such as Ni and Ag coating. [10][11][12] For example, a Ni-coated Cu wire exploits the high oxidation resistance of Ni (ten times greater than Cu [21] ) and excellent electrical conductivity of Cu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome the current technical limitations, two notable approaches have been considered: 1) conventional metal‐metal composites [ 10–12 ] and 2) emerging carbon and metal composites. [ 13–20 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of an Axially Continuous Graphene with Functional Metals for High‐Temperature Electrical Conductors

Kashani

Choi

Kim

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Demands for effective high‐temperature electrical conductors continue to increase with the rapid adoption of electric vehicles. However, the use of conventional copper‐based conductors is limited to relatively low temperatures due to their poor oxidation resistance and microstructural instability. Here, a highly conductive and thermally stable nickel‐graphene‐copper (NiGCu) wire that combines the advantages of graphene and its metallic components is developed. The NiGCu wire consists of a conductive copper core, an oxidation‐resistant nickel shell, and axially continuous graphene embedded between them. The experiments on 10–80 µm diameter NiGCu wires demonstrate substantial enhancements in electrical properties and thermal stability across a variety of metrics. For instance, the smallest NiGCu wires have a 61.2% higher current density limit, 307.6% higher conductivity, and an order of magnitude smaller change in resistivity compared to conventional Ni‐coated Cu counterparts after annealing at 650 °C. By performing both innovative experiments and simulations using different sizes of NiGCu wires, the diffusion coefficients of metals are quantified, for the first time to the best knowledge, through continuous graphene. These results indicate that the dramatic improvement in thermo‐electrical properties is enabled by the embedded graphene layer which reduces NiCu interdiffusion by ≈104 times at 550 °C and 650 °C.

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Macro copper-graphene composites with enhanced electrical conductivity

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Fabrication and characterization of copper and copper alloys reinforced with graphene

Fabrication and characterization of copper and copper alloys reinforced with graphene

Enhanced Electrical Properties and Impact Strength of Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin Using Silanized Graphene and Ionic Liquid

Integration of an Axially Continuous Graphene with Functional Metals for High‐Temperature Electrical Conductors

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